2300mos管(guan)-2300管(guan)全新(xin)原装(zhuang)-锂电(dian)池保护板元件2300mos管(guan)-KIA MOS管(guan)
信息(xi)来源：本(ben)站 日期(qi)：2018-05-19
12V锂(li)(li)(li)电(dian)池保(bao)(bao)护(hu)板，16串磷酸铁锂(li)(li)(li)电(dian)池保(bao)(bao)护(hu)板，18650电(dian)池保(bao)(bao)护(hu)板，线(xian)路(lu)板厂在双面线(xian)路(lu)板设计时(shi)都会(hui)优(you)先考(kao)虑锂(li)(li)(li)电(dian)池保(bao)(bao)护(hu)板工(gong)作(zuo)原理，电(dian)池之都带(dai)大(da)家看(kan)一(yi)个单节电(dian)芯(xin)的(de)(de)锂(li)(li)(li)电(dian)池保(bao)(bao)护(hu)板原理，希望能(neng)起到举一(yi)反三的(de)(de)作(zuo)用(yong)。
锂(li)(li)电池保(bao)护板(ban)根(gen)据使用IC，电压等不(bu)同(tong)而电路及(ji)参数有所(suo)不(bu)同(tong)，下面以DW01 配MOS管2300进行分布(bu)，其中(zhong)包括其锂(li)(li)电池保(bao)护板(ban)的(de)正(zheng)常(chang)工作行为。
当电(dian)芯(xin)电(dian)压(ya)在2.5V至4.3V之间时，DW01 的第(di)1脚(jiao)、第(di)3脚(jiao)均(jun)输出(chu)高电(dian)平(等于(yu)(yu)供电(dian)电(dian)压(ya))，第(di)二脚(jiao)电(dian)压(ya)为0V。此(ci)(ci)时DW01 的第(di)1脚(jiao) 、第(di)3脚(jiao)电(dian)压(ya)将分别(bie)加(jia)到2300的第(di)5、4脚(jiao)，2300内的两个电(dian)子开(kai)关(guan)(guan)因其G极接(jie)到来自DW01 的电(dian)压(ya)，故均(jun)处于(yu)(yu)导(dao)通(tong)状(zhuang)(zhuang)态，即两个电(dian)子开(kai)关(guan)(guan)均(jun)处于(yu)(yu)开(kai)状(zhuang)(zhuang)态。此(ci)(ci)时电(dian)芯(xin)的负极与(yu)保(bao)护板的P-端相当于(yu)(yu)直接(jie)连(lian)通(tong)，保(bao)护板有电(dian)压(ya)输出(chu)。
当(dang)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)芯(xin)(xin)通(tong)过外接(jie)(jie)的(de)负载进行放(fang)(fang)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)时，电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)芯(xin)(xin)的(de)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)压(ya)将慢慢降低，同时DW01 内(nei)(nei)部将通(tong)过R1电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻实时监测(ce)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)芯(xin)(xin)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)压(ya)，当(dang)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)芯(xin)(xin)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)压(ya)下降到约(yue)2.3V时DW01 将认为(wei)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)芯(xin)(xin)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)压(ya)已处于过放(fang)(fang)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)压(ya)状(zhuang)态(tai)，便立即(ji)(ji)断开第(di)(di)1脚(jiao)的(de)输出电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)压(ya)，使第(di)(di)1脚(jiao)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)压(ya)变为(wei)0V，2300内(nei)(nei)的(de)开关(guan)管因第(di)(di)5脚(jiao)无电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)压(ya)而关(guan)闭。此(ci)时电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)芯(xin)(xin)的(de)B-与(yu)(yu)保(bao)护(hu)板的(de)P-之间处于断开状(zhuang)态(tai)。即(ji)(ji)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)芯(xin)(xin)的(de)放(fang)(fang)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)回路被切断，电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)芯(xin)(xin)将停止放(fang)(fang)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。保(bao)护(hu)板处于过放(fang)(fang)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)状(zhuang)态(tai)并(bing)一直保(bao)持。等到保(bao)护(hu)板的(de)P 与(yu)(yu)P-间接(jie)(jie)上充电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)压(ya)后，DW01 经B-检测(ce)到充电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)压(ya)后便立即(ji)(ji)停止过放(fang)(fang)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)状(zhuang)态(tai)，重(zhong)新在第(di)(di)1脚(jiao)输出高电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)压(ya)，使2300内(nei)(nei)的(de)过放(fang)(fang)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)控制管导通(tong)，即(ji)(ji)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)芯(xin)(xin)的(de)B-与(yu)(yu)保(bao)护(hu)板的(de)P-又重(zhong)新接(jie)(jie)上，电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)芯(xin)(xin)经充电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器直接(jie)(jie)充电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。
当(dang)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池通(tong)过充(chong)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器正(zheng)(zheng)常充(chong)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)时，随着充(chong)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)时间的(de)(de)(de)增加，电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)芯(xin)(xin)(xin)的(de)(de)(de)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)压(ya)将越来越高，当(dang)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)芯(xin)(xin)(xin)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)压(ya)升高到(dao)4.4V时，DW01 将认为电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)芯(xin)(xin)(xin)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)压(ya)已处于过充(chong)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)压(ya)状(zhuang)(zhuang)态(tai)，便(bian)立即断开(kai)(kai)第(di)3脚(jiao)(jiao)的(de)(de)(de)输(shu)出(chu)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)压(ya)，使(shi)第(di)3脚(jiao)(jiao)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)压(ya)变为0V，2300内的(de)(de)(de)开(kai)(kai)关(guan)(guan)管(guan)因第(di)4脚(jiao)(jiao)无电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)压(ya)而关(guan)(guan)闭。此时电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)芯(xin)(xin)(xin)的(de)(de)(de)B-与(yu)保(bao)(bao)护板(ban)的(de)(de)(de)P-之间处于断开(kai)(kai)状(zhuang)(zhuang)态(tai)。即电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)芯(xin)(xin)(xin)的(de)(de)(de)充(chong)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)回(hui)路被切(qie)断，电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)芯(xin)(xin)(xin)将停止(zhi)充(chong)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。保(bao)(bao)护板(ban)处于过充(chong)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)状(zhuang)(zhuang)态(tai)并一直保(bao)(bao)持。等到(dao)保(bao)(bao)护板(ban)的(de)(de)(de)P 与(yu)P-间接(jie)上放(fang)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)负载(zai)后(hou)，因此时虽然过充(chong)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)控制开(kai)(kai)关(guan)(guan)管(guan)关(guan)(guan)闭，但其内部(bu)的(de)(de)(de)二极管(guan)正(zheng)(zheng)方向与(yu)放(fang)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)回(hui)路的(de)(de)(de)方向相同(tong)，故放(fang)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)回(hui)路可(ke)以进行放(fang)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，当(dang)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)芯(xin)(xin)(xin)的(de)(de)(de)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)压(ya)被放(fang)到(dao)低于4.3V时，DW01 停止(zhi)过充(chong)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)保(bao)(bao)护状(zhuang)(zhuang)态(tai)重新(xin)在第(di)3脚(jiao)(jiao)输(shu)出(chu)高电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)压(ya)，使(shi)2300内的(de)(de)(de)过充(chong)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)控制管(guan)导通(tong)，即电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)芯(xin)(xin)(xin)的(de)(de)(de)B-与(yu)保(bao)(bao)护板(ban)P-又(you)重新(xin)接(jie)上，电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)芯(xin)(xin)(xin)又(you)能进行正(zheng)(zheng)常的(de)(de)(de)充(chong)放(fang)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。
在保护板(ban)对外放(fang)(fang)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)过(guo)程中，2300内(nei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)两个电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子开(kai)关(guan)(guan)并不完全等效于(yu)两个机械(xie)开(kai)关(guan)(guan)，而(er)是等效于(yu)两个电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)(zu)(zu)很小(xiao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)(zu)(zu)，并称(cheng)为(wei)2300的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)导通(tong)(tong)内(nei)阻(zu)(zu)(zu)， 每(mei)个开(kai)关(guan)(guan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)导通(tong)(tong)内(nei)阻(zu)(zu)(zu)约(yue)为(wei)30mU 03a9共约(yue)为(wei)60mU 03a9，加(jia)在G极(ji)上(shang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)压(ya)实(shi)际(ji)上(shang)是直接控制每(mei)个开(kai)关(guan)(guan)管的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)导通(tong)(tong)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)(zu)(zu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)大小(xiao)当(dang)G极(ji)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)压(ya)大于(yu)1V时，开(kai)关(guan)(guan)管的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)导通(tong)(tong)内(nei)阻(zu)(zu)(zu)很小(xiao)(几十毫欧)，相当(dang)于(yu)开(kai)关(guan)(guan)闭合，当(dang)G极(ji)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)压(ya)小(xiao)于(yu)0.7V以下时，开(kai)关(guan)(guan)管的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)导通(tong)(tong)内(nei)阻(zu)(zu)(zu)很大(几MΩ)，相当(dang)于(yu)开(kai)关(guan)(guan)断(duan)(duan)开(kai)。电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)压(ya)UA就是2300的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)导通(tong)(tong)内(nei)阻(zu)(zu)(zu)与放(fang)(fang)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)产生的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)压(ya)，负(fu)载电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)增大则UA必然增大，因UA0.006L&TImes;IUA又称(cheng)为(wei)2300的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)管压(ya)降，UA可以简接表(biao)明放(fang)(fang)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)大小(xiao)。上(shang)升(sheng)到0.2V时便认(ren)为(wei)负(fu)载电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)到达了极(ji)限值，于(yu)是停止第(di)1脚(jiao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)输出(chu)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)压(ya)，使第(di)1脚(jiao)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)压(ya)变为(wei)0V、2300内(nei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)放(fang)(fang)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)控制管关(guan)(guan)闭，切断(duan)(duan)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)芯的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)放(fang)(fang)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)回(hui)路(lu)，将(jiang)关(guan)(guan)断(duan)(duan)放(fang)(fang)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)控制管。换言之DW01 允许输出(chu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)最大电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)是3.3A，实(shi)现了过(guo)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)保护。
电(dian)(dian)(dian)池在(zai)对负载正常放(fang)电(dian)(dian)(dian)过程(cheng)中，放(fang)电(dian)(dian)(dian)电(dian)(dian)(dian)流在(zai)经(jing)过串(chuan)联(lian)的(de)2个(ge)MOSFET时，由(you)于MOSFET的(de)导(dao)(dao)通阻抗，会(hui)在(zai)其两端(duan)产生一(yi)个(ge)电(dian)(dian)(dian)压(ya)，该(gai)电(dian)(dian)(dian)压(ya)值(zhi)U=I*RDS*2， RDS为单个(ge)MOSFET导(dao)(dao)通阻抗，控制(zhi)IC上的(de)“V-”脚(jiao)对该(gai)电(dian)(dian)(dian)压(ya)值(zhi)进行检(jian)测，若负载因某(mou)种(zhong)原因导(dao)(dao)致异常，使回路(lu)电(dian)(dian)(dian)流增(zeng)大，当(dang)回路(lu)电(dian)(dian)(dian)流大到使U》0.1V(该(gai)值(zhi)由(you)控制(zhi)IC决定，不同(tong)的(de)IC有不同(tong)的(de)值(zhi))时，其“DO”脚(jiao)将(jiang)由(you)高电(dian)(dian)(dian)压(ya)转(zhuan)变为零电(dian)(dian)(dian)压(ya)，使T2由(you)导(dao)(dao)通转(zhuan)为关断(duan)(duan)，从(cong)而切断(duan)(duan)了放(fang)电(dian)(dian)(dian)回路(lu)，使回路(lu)中电(dian)(dian)(dian)流为零，起到过电(dian)(dian)(dian)流保护作用。
发现在控制(zhi)IC检测到过(guo)电(dian)流发生至发出关断(duan)T2信(xin)号(hao)之间(jian)，也有一(yi)段延时(shi)时(shi)间(jian)，该(gai)延时(shi)时(shi)间(jian)的(de)长(zhang)短(duan)由C2决(jue)定，通(tong)(tong)常(chang)为13毫秒左(zuo)右，以避免因(yin)干扰而造成误(wu)判断(duan)。在上述控制(zhi)过(guo)程中可(ke)知(zhi)，其过(guo)电(dian)流检测值(zhi)大小(xiao)不仅取(qu)决(jue)于控制(zhi)IC的(de)控制(zhi)值(zhi)，还(hai)取(qu)决(jue)于MOSFET的(de)导(dao)通(tong)(tong)阻抗，当MOSFET导(dao)通(tong)(tong)阻抗越(yue)大时(shi)，对同样的(de)控制(zhi)IC，其过(guo)电(dian)流保护值(zhi)越(yue)小(xiao)。
短(duan)(duan)路(lu)保护(hu)(hu)是过(guo)电(dian)(dian)流(liu)保护(hu)(hu)的(de)一(yi)(yi)种(zhong)极限形式，其控制过(guo)程及(ji)原理与过(guo)电(dian)(dian)流(liu)保护(hu)(hu)一(yi)(yi)样，短(duan)(duan)路(lu)只是在相(xiang)当于(yu)在P P-间(jian)加(jia)上一(yi)(yi)个阻值小(xiao)的(de)电(dian)(dian)阻(约为(wei)0Ω)使保护(hu)(hu)板的(de)负(fu)载电(dian)(dian)流(liu)瞬时达到(dao)10A以(yi)上，保护(hu)(hu)板立即进行过(guo)电(dian)(dian)流(liu)保护(hu)(hu)。
锂离子(zi)电池以其(qi)优良的特性，被广泛应用于： 手机、摄录像机、笔记本电脑、无绳电话、电动工具(ju)、遥控或(huo)电动玩具(ju)、照相机等便携式电子(zi)设(she)备(bei)中。
锂(li)离(li)子(zi)(zi)电池(chi)的负极(ji)为(wei)石(shi)墨(mo)(mo)晶(jing)体，正(zheng)极(ji)通常为(wei)二氧(yang)化锂(li)。充电时锂(li)离(li)子(zi)(zi)由(you)正(zheng)极(ji)向负极(ji)运动而嵌入(ru)石(shi)墨(mo)(mo)层中。放(fang)电时，锂(li)离(li)子(zi)(zi)从(cong)石(shi)墨(mo)(mo)晶(jing)体内负极(ji)表面(mian)脱(tuo)离(li)移向正(zheng)极(ji)。所以，在(zai)该(gai)电池(chi)充放(fang)电过(guo)程中锂(li)总是以锂(li)离(li)子(zi)(zi)形(xing)态出现，而不是以金(jin)属(shu)锂(li)的形(xing)态出现。因而这种电池(chi)叫(jiao)做锂(li)离(li)子(zi)(zi)电池(chi)，简称(cheng)锂(li)电池(chi)。
锂电(dian)(dian)池具有：体积小、容量(liang)(liang)大、重量(liang)(liang)轻、无污(wu)染(ran)、单节电(dian)(dian)压高(gao)(gao)、自放电(dian)(dian)率低、电(dian)(dian)池循环次数(shu)多等(deng)优点，但(dan)价格较贵。镍(nie)镉电(dian)(dian)池因容量(liang)(liang)低，自放电(dian)(dian)严重，且(qie)对(dui)环境有污(wu)染(ran)，正逐(zhu)步被淘汰。镍(nie)氢电(dian)(dian)池具有较高(gao)(gao)的性能(neng)价格比，且(qie)不污(wu)染(ran)环境，但(dan)单体电(dian)(dian)压只有1.2V，因而在使用范(fan)围上(shang)受(shou)到限制。
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