太阳能路灯原理图

一、太阳能路灯工作原理

太(tai)(tai)阳(yang)(yang)能(neng)(neng)(neng)路(lu)灯(deng)是以太(tai)(tai)阳(yang)(yang)能(neng)(neng)(neng)作为电(dian)能(neng)(neng)(neng)供给用来(lai)提供夜间道路(lu)照明(ming)，灯(deng)杆(gan)与电(dian)池(chi)组件一体化设(she)计，具(ju)有(you)(you)抗风(feng)能(neng)(neng)(neng)力，内部(bu)采用智能(neng)(neng)(neng)化充放电(dian)和微(wei)电(dian)脑光(guang)、时控制(zhi)技术。太(tai)(tai)阳(yang)(yang)能(neng)(neng)(neng)路(lu)灯(deng)采用高效(xiao)照明(ming)光(guang)源(yuan)设(she)计、具(ju)有(you)(you)亮度高、安装简(jian)便(bian)、工作稳定可靠、不敷设(she)电(dian)缆、不消耗常规(gui)能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)，使用寿命(ming)长等优点(dian)。主要(yao)适(shi)用于城(cheng)市道路(lu)、小区(qu)(qu)广(guang)场、工业园区(qu)(qu)、旅(lv)游景区(qu)(qu)、公园绿化、单位(wei)、室外停车场、农村道路(lu)带等场所的(de)亮化照明(ming)。太(tai)(tai)阳(yang)(yang)能(neng)(neng)(neng)路(lu)灯(deng)由以下几个部(bu)分组成：太(tai)(tai)阳(yang)(yang)能(neng)(neng)(neng)电(dian)池(chi)板、太(tai)(tai)阳(yang)(yang)能(neng)(neng)(neng)控制(zhi)器(qi)、蓄电(dian)池(chi)组、光(guang)源(yuan)、灯(deng)杆(gan)及灯(deng)具(ju)外壳，有(you)(you)的(de)还要(yao)配(pei)置逆(ni)变(bian)器(qi)。

二、太阳能路灯参考配置

灯高：5－12米

材(cai)质：钢管(guan)＋防腐处理＋热(re)镀锌(xin)＋喷塑

太阳能电池(chi)组件(jian)：高效(xiao)单晶硅／多晶硅／薄膜电池(chi)板

功(gong)率：60－300W

使(shi)用寿(shou)命：25年

光源：超高亮大功率(lv) LED／低压钠灯(deng)／LVD无极灯(deng)

功率：DC12V/24V，15W－100W

使用寿命：100000小时(shi)

蓄电(dian)池(chi)：免维护铅(qian)酸蓄电(dian)池(chi)／地埋胶体(ti)密闭蓄电(dian)池(chi)

容(rong)量：DC12V 60 Ah－500Ah

使用寿(shou)命：5－8年

控制(zhi)系统：微电(dian)脑(nao)智能(neng)控制(zhi)、防过充、过放、防潮(chao)、输出短(duan)路保护及光控＋时控自动开、关灯

使用环(huan)境：-30℃－60℃

照(zhao)明时(shi)间：每(mei)天照(zhao)明8－12小(xiao)时(shi)，可连续照(zhao)明5－15个(ge)阴雨天。

三、太阳能路灯的市电互补功能介绍

1、智能数(shu)码(ma)控(kong)(kong)制器，具有光(guang)控(kong)(kong)时控(kong)(kong)、过充过放(fang)保护，防反接功能；

2、自动定时(shi)调节光源(yuan)功(gong)率，以进(jin)入节流工作状态，每天(tian)照明时(shi)间可随心所欲(yu)；

3、可(ke)(ke)根(gen)据客户(hu)要(yao)求增(zeng)加市电(dian)(dian)互补装(zhuang)置，在连续阴雨天气过长，电(dian)(dian)池储电(dian)(dian)不足时(shi)(shi)，路(lu)灯(deng)会自(zi)动(dong)切换到(dao)市电(dian)(dian)供(gong)(gong)电(dian)(dian)，当(dang)太阳(yang)(yang)能(neng)(neng)供(gong)(gong)电(dian)(dian)恢复(fu)电(dian)(dian)压时(shi)(shi)，系统(tong)自(zi)动(dong)切断市电(dian)(dian)供(gong)(gong)电(dian)(dian)，恢复(fu)太阳(yang)(yang)能(neng)(neng)供(gong)(gong)电(dian)(dian)。真正做到(dao)一(yi)年365天太阳(yang)(yang)能(neng)(neng)路(lu)灯(deng)夜夜亮，如不需要(yao)此功能(neng)(neng)时(shi)(shi)，用户(hu)可(ke)(ke)随时(shi)(shi)卸载互补装(zhuang)置，简易方便。总之，市电(dian)(dian)互补不仅(jin)能(neng)(neng)有(you)效提(ti)高太阳(yang)(yang)能(neng)(neng)产品的(de)稳定(ding)性，而且能(neng)(neng)大大降(jiang)低整(zheng)套(tao)产品的(de)造(zao)价，尤其是对于传统(tong)市电(dian)(dian)照明工(gong)程的(de)节能(neng)(neng)改造(zao)相当(dang)适用。

四、太阳能路灯优点

·节能：以太阳(yang)能光电转换(huan)提供电能，取之不尽、用之不竭；

·环保：无(wu)(wu)污染、无(wu)(wu)噪音、无(wu)(wu)辐射；

·安全：绝无(wu)触(chu)电、火灾(zai)等意(yi)外事故；

·方便(bian)：安装简洁，不需要架线或“开(kai)膛破肚”挖地施工、也没有停(ting)电(dian)限电(dian)顾虑；

·寿命长(zhang)：产品科技(ji)含量高(gao)，控制系统、配件均是(shi)国际品牌、智能化设计，质量可靠(kao)；

·品位高(gao)：科(ke)技产品、绿色能(neng)源(yuan)，使用单位重视科(ke)技、绿色形象(xiang)提(ti)高(gao)、档(dang)次提(ti)升；

·投(tou)资(zi)少：一次(ci)性投(tou)资(zi)与交流电等价（交流电投(tou)资(zi)从变电、进(jin)电、控制箱、电缆、工(gong)程起），一次(ci)投(tou)资(zi)、长期受用(yong)；

·适(shi)用广(guang)：太阳能源源于自然，所以凡是有(you)日(ri)照(zhao)(zhao)的地方都可以使用，特别适(shi)合于绿(lv)地景(jing)观(guan)(guan)灯光配(pei)备，高档次(ci)住宅及室外(wai)照(zhao)(zhao)明(ming)，旅游景(jing)点海岸景(jing)观(guan)(guan)照(zhao)(zhao)明(ming)及点缀(zhui)，工业(ye)开(kai)发区(qu)、工矿企业(ye)路(lu)灯，各(ge)大院校(xiao)室外(wai)灯光照(zhao)(zhao)明(ming)。

五、太阳能路灯效益分析

一次性投入(ru)与常规路灯大体相当的建设(she)经费后即可(ke)一劳(lao)永逸(yi)地利(li)用(yong)取之不尽(jin)用(yong)之不竭的阳能提供(gong)稳定可(ke)靠的照明(ming)，有明(ming)显的经济效益(yi)。回收成本周期3-5年，使用(yong)寿命15年-20年。

太阳能路灯控制原理图

1、太阳能路灯控制器设计

路灯(deng)控(kong)制系统工作(zuo)(zuo)原(yuan)理：白天光伏电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)向(xiang)蓄(xu)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)充电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，晚上(shang)蓄(xu)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)提(ti)供(gong)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力供(gong)路灯(deng)照明。所以蓄(xu)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)将构成一个(ge)充放电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)循环。太阳(yang)能路灯(deng)照明控(kong)制电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路包括光伏电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)、蓄(xu)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)、路灯(deng)和控(kong)制器四部分。设计中采用AT89S52单片(pian)机，并将其作(zuo)(zuo)为智(zhi)能核(he)心模(mo)块(kuai)。外围电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路主要包括太阳(yang)能电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)压采样模(mo)块(kuai)、蓄(xu)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)压采样模(mo)块(kuai)、键盘电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路模(mo)块(kuai)、LED显示模(mo)块(kuai)、充放电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)控(kong)制模(mo)块(kuai)等。图1是(shi)太阳(yang)能路灯(deng)控(kong)制器结(jie)构设计图。

2、单片机智能控制模块

太阳能(neng)路灯控制器选择ATMEL公司的8位单(dan)片机AT89S52为核心的智能(neng)控制模块，在整体上(shang)具有低功(gong)耗、性能(neng)高的特点。

2.1、单片机振荡电路

单片(pian)机振(zhen)荡电路如图2所(suo)示(shi)。

2.2、复位电路

复(fu)位(wei)电路如图3所示，电路结(jie)构简单，稳定可靠。

3、电源电路模块设计

系(xi)统(tong)正常工作(zuo)电(dian)压(ya)(ya)为5V，系(xi)统(tong)采用(yong)12V／24V的(de)铅酸蓄电(dian)池供电(dian)，蓄电(dian)池电(dian)压(ya)(ya)不稳(wen)(wen)定(ding)，所(suo)以需(xu)要(yao)对电(dian)源(yuan)进行稳(wen)(wen)压(ya)(ya)。本系(xi)统(tong)采用(yong)LM7805三端稳(wen)(wen)压(ya)(ya)器，其输(shu)入(ru)电(dian)压(ya)(ya)在5～24V时(shi)均可(ke)以保证输(shu)出为稳(wen)(wen)定(ding)的(de)+5V。LM7805组成(cheng)稳(wen)(wen)压(ya)(ya)电(dian)源(yuan)只(zhi)需(xu)要(yao)很少的(de)外围元(yuan)件，使(shi)用(yong)起来(lai)非常方便，工作(zuo)稳(wen)(wen)定(ding)可(ke)靠(kao)J。系(xi)统(tong)电(dian)源(yuan)电(dian)路如图4所(suo)示。

4、采样模块设计

太(tai)阳(yang)能电(dian)(dian)池(chi)采样和(he)蓄电(dian)(dian)池(chi)采样对(dui)于系统(tong)(tong)正常运行(xing)(xing)起着非(fei)常重要(yao)的(de)作用。太(tai)阳(yang)能路(lu)灯控(kong)制(zhi)器(qi)要(yao)对(dui)蓄电(dian)(dian)池(chi)充放电(dian)(dian)进(jin)行(xing)(xing)合理(li)控(kong)制(zhi)，即需(xu)对(dui)蓄电(dian)(dian)池(chi)、太(tai)阳(yang)能电(dian)(dian)池(chi)板(ban)(ban)电(dian)(dian)压(ya)进(jin)行(xing)(xing)采样。为(wei)(wei)(wei)此，AT89S52单片(pian)机就(jiu)要(yao)外接A／D转(zhuan)换模块，把电(dian)(dian)压(ya)转(zhuan)换为(wei)(wei)(wei)数(shu)字信号，系统(tong)(tong)选用v／F转(zhuan)换芯片(pian)LM331组成数(shu)模转(zhuan)换电(dian)(dian)路(lu)。在系统(tong)(tong)采样设计中，为(wei)(wei)(wei)了防止因为(wei)(wei)(wei)外部因素导(dao)致AT89S52程序跑(pao)飞(fei)或(huo)死机，提(ti)高(gao)系统(tong)(tong)稳定性(xing)，在LM331与(yu)单片(pian)机之间还需(xu)增加(jia)单通(tong)道的(de)高(gao)速光电(dian)(dian)隔(ge)离器(qi)6n137J。图5为(wei)(wei)(wei)太(tai)阳(yang)能电(dian)(dian)池(chi)板(ban)(ban)采样电(dian)(dian)路(lu)图。系统(tong)(tong)蓄电(dian)(dian)池(chi)采样和(he)太(tai)阳(yang)能电(dian)(dian)池(chi)板(ban)(ban)采样电(dian)(dian)路(lu)相同。

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