逆变器电路图

逆(ni)变(bian)(bian)(bian)器是通过(guo)半导体功率(lv)开关的开通和(he)关断作(zuo)用，把直流电能(neng)转变(bian)(bian)(bian)成(cheng)交流电能(neng)的一种变(bian)(bian)(bian)换(huan)装置，是整(zheng)流变(bian)(bian)(bian)换(huan)的逆(ni)过(guo)程。

车载逆(ni)变器(qi)的整个(ge)电(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)大体上可分为(wei)两大部分，每部分各采(cai)用(yong)一只494或7500芯片组成控制(zhi)电(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)，其(qi)中第一部分电(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)的作用(yong)是(shi)将汽车电(dian)(dian)(dian)瓶(ping)等提供的12V直流电(dian)(dian)(dian)，通过高频PWM (脉宽(kuan)调(diao)制(zhi))开(kai)关电(dian)(dian)(dian)源技术(shu)转换成30kHz－50kHz、220V左(zuo)右的交流电(dian)(dian)(dian)；第二部分电(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)的作用(yong)则(ze)是(shi)利用(yong)桥式整流、滤波、脉宽(kuan)调(diao)制(zhi)及开(kai)关功(gong)率输出(chu)等技术(shu)，将30kHz～50kHz、220V左(zuo)右的交流电(dian)(dian)(dian)转换成50Hz、220V的交流电(dian)(dian)(dian)。

高频升压逆变控制电路：

（1）脚(jiao)(jiao)第(di)一(yi)组放大(da)(da)器(qi)(qi)(qi)的(de)同相输(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)入端(duan)(duan)(duan)，检测输(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)出(chu)(chu)电(dian)(dian)流，与3个0.33R电(dian)(dian)阻分压，当电(dian)(dian)流过大(da)(da)时(shi)(shi)，分压电(dian)(dian)阻上的(de)电(dian)(dian)压超过（2）脚(jiao)(jiao)基准电(dian)(dian)压，（3）脚(jiao)(jiao)放大(da)(da)器(qi)(qi)(qi)输(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)出(chu)(chu)端(duan)(duan)(duan)输(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)出(chu)(chu)高电(dian)(dian)平(ping)，（3）脚(jiao)(jiao)为(wei)(wei)高电(dian)(dian)平(ping)时(shi)(shi)，电(dian)(dian)路进(jin)入保护状态。（2）脚(jiao)(jiao)为(wei)(wei)比较器(qi)(qi)(qi)的(de)反相输(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)入端(duan)(duan)(duan)，接（14）脚(jiao)(jiao)基准，作(zuo)比较器(qi)(qi)(qi)的(de)参(can)考电(dian)(dian)压，外部输(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)入端(duan)(duan)(duan)的(de)控制(zhi)(zhi)信号可(ke)(ke)输(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)入至(zhi)脚(jiao)(jiao)（4）的(de)截止时(shi)(shi)间(jian)(jian)控制(zhi)(zhi)端(duan)(duan)(duan)（也(ye)叫死(si)区时(shi)(shi)间(jian)(jian)控制(zhi)(zhi)），与脚(jiao)(jiao)（1）、（2）、（15）、（16）误差放大(da)(da)器(qi)(qi)(qi)的(de)输(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)入端(duan)(duan)(duan)，其(qi)输(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)入端(duan)(duan)(duan)点的(de)抵补电(dian)(dian)压为(wei)(wei)120mV，其(qi)可(ke)(ke)限制(zhi)(zhi)输(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)出(chu)(chu)截止时(shi)(shi)间(jian)(jian)至(zhi)最小值，大(da)(da)约为(wei)(wei)最初锯齿波周期(qi)时(shi)(shi)间(jian)(jian)的(de)4%。当13脚(jiao)(jiao)的(de)输(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)出(chu)(chu)模控制(zhi)(zhi)端(duan)(duan)(duan)接地时(shi)(shi)，可(ke)(ke)获(huo)得96%最大(da)(da)工作(zuo)周期(qi)，而当(13)脚(jiao)(jiao)接制(zhi)(zhi)参(can)考电(dian)(dian)压时(shi)(shi)，可(ke)(ke)获(huo)得48%最大(da)(da)工作(zuo)周期(qi)。如(ru)果我们在(zai)第(di)4脚(jiao)(jiao)截止时(shi)(shi)间(jian)(jian)控制(zhi)(zhi)输(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)入端(duan)(duan)(duan)设定(ding)一(yi)个固定(ding)电(dian)(dian)压，其(qi)范围(wei)由(you)0V至(zhi)3.3V之间(jian)(jian)，则附加的(de)截止时(shi)(shi)间(jian)(jian)一(yi)定(ding)出(chu)(chu)现在(zai)输(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)出(chu)(chu)上。  （5）、（6）脚(jiao)(jiao)是一(yi)个固定(ding)频(pin)率的(de)脉(mai)冲宽度(du)调(diao)(diao)制(zhi)(zhi)电(dian)(dian)路，内置(zhi)了线性锯齿波振(zhen)荡器(qi)(qi)(qi)，振(zhen)荡频(pin)率可(ke)(ke)通过外部的(de)一(yi)个电(dian)(dian)阻和一(yi)个电(dian)(dian)容进(jin)行调(diao)(diao)节(jie)，其(qi)振(zhen)荡频(pin)率如(ru)下：

输(shu)(shu)(shu)出脉(mai)冲的(de)(de)宽度是(shi)通(tong)过电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容CT上的(de)(de)正极性锯齿波电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)压(ya)与另(ling)外两个控制(zhi)信号(hao)进(jin)行比较来实现。功率输(shu)(shu)(shu)出管Q1和Q2受(shou)控于(yu)或非门。当(dang)双稳(wen)触发(fa)器的(de)(de)时钟信号(hao)为低电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)平(ping)时才(cai)会被选通(tong)，即只(zhi)有在(zai)锯齿波电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)压(ya)大(da)于(yu)控制(zhi)信号(hao)期间才(cai)会被选通(tong)。当(dang)控制(zhi)信号(hao)增大(da)，输(shu)(shu)(shu)出脉(mai)冲的(de)(de)宽度将减(jian)小(xiao)。（7）脚(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)接(jie)(jie)地端，（8）、（11）脚(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)是(shi)Q1和Q2内部开(kai)关管的(de)(de)集电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)极，在(zai)此(ci)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)中接(jie)(jie)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源，(9)、(10)脚(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)为Q1、Q2的(de)(de)发(fa)射极，作开(kai)关管驱(qu)动(dong)输(shu)(shu)(shu)出端，接(jie)(jie)下图中Q1与Q2外部放大(da)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)。以驱(qu)动(dong)后极推挽(wan)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)。（12）脚(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源端，(13）脚(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)为输(shu)(shu)(shu)出控制(zhi)端，接(jie)(jie)(14)脚(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)基准电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)压(ya)时两路(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)输(shu)(shu)(shu)出脉(mai)冲相差180方位，每路(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)输(shu)(shu)(shu)出量大(da)约200MA的(de)(de)驱(qu)动(dong)推挽(wan)或半桥式电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)。(15)、脚(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)第(di)二组放大(da)器的(de)(de)反相输(shu)(shu)(shu)入端，接(jie)(jie)基准电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)压(ya)， （16)脚(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)同(tong)相输(shu)(shu)(shu)入端，检测电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)压(ya)。当(dang)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)压(ya)过高超过（15)脚(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)参考电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)压(ya)时，（3）脚(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)输(shu)(shu)(shu)出高电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)平(ping)，电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)进(jin)入保护状(zhuang)态。

高频升压逆变电路及整流：

这(zhei)是一个推挽式(shi)拓扑逆变(bian)电(dian)路(lu)，当(dang)E1驱(qu)动(dong)脉冲(chong)驱(qu)动(dong)时，Q1导通(tong)(tong)，使VT3、VT6导通(tong)(tong)，VT7、VT8截(jie)止，此时电(dian)路(lu)进行正(zheng)半(ban)周(zhou)(zhou)波形(xing)放(fang)大，变(bian)压器升压到次级，通(tong)(tong)过高频整流管整流，当(dang)E2脉冲(chong)驱(qu)动(dong)时，Q2导通(tong)(tong)，驱(qu)动(dong)VT7、VT8导通(tong)(tong)。VT3、VT6截(jie)止，进得负半(ban)周(zhou)(zhou)波形(xing)放(fang)大。经升压变(bian)压器升压后，高频整流。

（此VT3\6\7\8以(yi)推(tui)(tui)挽(wan)方式存在于电路中，各负责正负半周的波(bo)形放(fang)大任务，电路工作时，两只对称的功(gong)率(lv)开关管每次只有一对导通(tong)，所(suo)以(yi)导通(tong)损耗小效(xiao)率(lv)高。推(tui)(tui)挽(wan)输出既可以(yi)向负载灌电流.）

逆变桥逆变：

最后由(you)TL494CN芯片的(de)(de)5脚(jiao)外接点容C3和(he)(he)(he)6脚(jiao)外接电(dian)(dian)阻(zu)R15决(jue)定脉宽频率为(wei)F=1.1÷(0.1×220)KHZ=50HZ控制Q10、Q11、Q13、Q14工作在50HZ的(de)(de)频率下，将(jiang)220V直(zhi)流电(dian)(dian)逆变为(wei)220V/50HZ的(de)(de)交流电(dian)(dian)，上图将(jiang)完成(cheng)这部分功能。TL494正(zheng)(zheng)向时(shi)(shi)(shi)，IC2控制Q3为(wei)饱(bao)和(he)(he)(he)导(dao)通(tong)状(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)态(tai)(tai)(tai)，Q4为(wei)截(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)止状(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)态(tai)(tai)(tai)，由(you)于(yu)Q3为(wei)饱(bao)和(he)(he)(he)导(dao)通(tong)状(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)态(tai)(tai)(tai)，则(ze)Q10为(wei)饱(bao)和(he)(he)(he)导(dao)通(tong)状(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)态(tai)(tai)(tai)。由(you)于(yu)Q4处(chu)于(yu)截(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)止状(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)态(tai)(tai)(tai)，Q11因(yin)(yin)栅极无(wu)(wu)正(zheng)(zheng)偏(pian)压(ya)(ya)而(er)处(chu)于(yu)截(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)止状(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)态(tai)(tai)(tai)，同时(shi)(shi)(shi)Q14因(yin)(yin)栅极无(wu)(wu)正(zheng)(zheng)偏(pian)压(ya)(ya)而(er)处(chu)于(yu)截(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)止状(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)态(tai)(tai)(tai)， Q13为(wei)饱(bao)和(he)(he)(he)导(dao)通(tong)状(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)态(tai)(tai)(tai)。此(ci)时(shi)(shi)(shi)220V直(zhi)流电(dian)(dian)经(jing)(jing)VT6沿(yan)XAC插座(zuo)到(dao)负(fu)载(zai)(zai)再经(jing)(jing)VT10接地，形成(cheng)正(zheng)(zheng)半(ban)周期电(dian)(dian)流；反向时(shi)(shi)(shi)，IC2控制Q3为(wei)截(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)止状(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)态(tai)(tai)(tai)，Q4为(wei)饱(bao)和(he)(he)(he)导(dao)通(tong)状(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)态(tai)(tai)(tai)，由(you)于(yu)Q3为(wei)截(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)止状(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)态(tai)(tai)(tai)，则(ze)Q10、Q13因(yin)(yin)栅极无(wu)(wu)正(zheng)(zheng)偏(pian)压(ya)(ya)而(er)处(chu)于(yu)截(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)止状(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)态(tai)(tai)(tai)，由(you)于(yu)Q4为(wei)饱(bao)和(he)(he)(he)导(dao)通(tong)状(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)态(tai)(tai)(tai)，Q11处(chu)于(yu)饱(bao)和(he)(he)(he)导(dao)通(tong)状(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)态(tai)(tai)(tai)，同时(shi)(shi)(shi)Q14处(chu)于(yu)饱(bao)和(he)(he)(he)导(dao)通(tong)状(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)态(tai)(tai)(tai)，Q11因(yin)(yin)栅极无(wu)(wu)正(zheng)(zheng)偏(pian)压(ya)(ya)而(er)处(chu)于(yu)截(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)止状(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)态(tai)(tai)(tai)。此(ci)时(shi)(shi)(shi)220V直(zhi)流电(dian)(dian)经(jing)(jing)VT9沿(yan)XAC插座(zuo)到(dao)负(fu)载(zai)(zai)再经(jing)(jing)VT7接地，形成(cheng)负(fu)半(ban)周期电(dian)(dian)流；这样接将(jiang)220V直(zhi)流电(dian)(dian)成(cheng)功转变为(wei)220V/50HZ交流电(dian)(dian)输出供负(fu)载(zai)(zai)使用。

电路中的保护电路：

电(dian)(dian)(dian)路中采用双(shuang)运放比较(jiao)放大(da)器(qi)(qi)LM358来控制输(shu)(shu)(shu)出(chu)(chu)(chu)过(guo)流(liu)保护，输(shu)(shu)(shu)出(chu)(chu)(chu)电(dian)(dian)(dian)压(ya)(ya)过(guo)低保护电(dian)(dian)(dian)路，TL431在(zai)此设制2.5V基准电(dian)(dian)(dian)压(ya)(ya)，给比较(jiao)器(qi)(qi)同(tong)(tong)相(xiang)输(shu)(shu)(shu)入(ru)(ru)端(duan)(duan)作参(can)考(kao)电(dian)(dian)(dian)压(ya)(ya)，第(di)一组运放的同(tong)(tong)相(xiang)输(shu)(shu)(shu)入(ru)(ru)端(duan)(duan)接(jie)输(shu)(shu)(shu)出(chu)(chu)(chu)电(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)检测，反(fan)相(xiang)输(shu)(shu)(shu)入(ru)(ru)端(duan)(duan)接(jie)参(can)考(kao)电(dian)(dian)(dian)压(ya)(ya)，当电(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)过(guo)大(da)，比较(jiao)器(qi)(qi)输(shu)(shu)(shu)入(ru)(ru)电(dian)(dian)(dian)压(ya)(ya)升高(gao)，当超过(guo)2.5V时，输(shu)(shu)(shu)出(chu)(chu)(chu)端(duan)(duan)输(shu)(shu)(shu)出(chu)(chu)(chu)高(gao)电(dian)(dian)(dian)平(ping)，送入(ru)(ru)IC1的3脚(jiao)，IC关(guan)闭输(shu)(shu)(shu)出(chu)(chu)(chu)。第(di)二组运放同(tong)(tong)相(xiang)输(shu)(shu)(shu)入(ru)(ru)端(duan)(duan)接(jie)参(can)考(kao)电(dian)(dian)(dian)压(ya)(ya)，反(fan)相(xiang)输(shu)(shu)(shu)入(ru)(ru)端(duan)(duan)接(jie)输(shu)(shu)(shu)出(chu)(chu)(chu)电(dian)(dian)(dian)压(ya)(ya)，当电(dian)(dian)(dian)压(ya)(ya)过(guo)低，检测分压(ya)(ya)后(hou)电(dian)(dian)(dian)压(ya)(ya)低于2.5V时，输(shu)(shu)(shu)出(chu)(chu)(chu)端(duan)(duan)输(shu)(shu)(shu)出(chu)(chu)(chu)高(gao)电(dian)(dian)(dian)平(ping)，Q1导通，蜂鸣器(qi)(qi)报警。

逆变器工作原理

1.直流电(dian)可以(yi)通过震荡电(dian)路变为交流电(dian)

2.得到的交流(liu)电(dian)再通过线圈升压（这时得到的是方形(xing)波的交流(liu)电(dian)）

3.对(dui)得(de)到(dao)的交流电进行(xing)整流得(de)到(dao)正弦(xian)波

AC-DC就(jiu)比较简单(dan)了 我们(men)知(zhi)道二(er)极(ji)管有(you)单(dan)向导电性

可以(yi)用(yong)二极管的这一(yi)特性连成(cheng)一(yi)个电桥

让(rang)一端(duan)始终是(shi)流(liu)(liu)入的(de)(de) 另一端(duan)始终是(shi)流(liu)(liu)出的(de)(de)这就得到了电压(ya)正弦变化的(de)(de)直(zhi)流(liu)(liu)电 如果需要平滑的(de)(de)直(zhi)流(liu)(liu)电还需要进行整流(liu)(liu) 简单的(de)(de)方法就是(shi)连接(jie)一个电容

Inverter 是一种(zhong)DC to AC的(de)(de)变压(ya)器(qi)，它其实(shi)与Adapter是一种(zhong)电压(ya)逆变的(de)(de)过(guo)程。Adapter是将(jiang)市电电网的(de)(de)交(jiao)流(liu)电压(ya)转变为稳定(ding)的(de)(de)12V直流(liu)输出(chu)，而Inverter是将(jiang) Adapter输出(chu)的(de)(de)12V直流(liu)电压(ya)转变为高频的(de)(de)高压(ya)交(jiao)流(liu)电；两个部分同样都(dou)采(cai)用(yong)了目前用(yong)得比较多的(de)(de)脉宽调制（PWM）技术。其核心部分都(dou)是一个PWM集(ji) 成控制器(qi)，Adapter用(yong)的(de)(de)是UC3842，I

nverter则采用TL5001芯(xin)片。TL5001的工作电压范围3.6～40V，其内部设有一(yi)个(ge)误差放大器，一(yi)个(ge)调节器、振(zhen)荡(dang)器、有死区控制的PWM发生器、低压保护回路及短(duan)路保护回路等。

以下将对Inverter的工作原(yuan)理进行简(jian)要介绍(shao)：

输入接口部分：

输(shu) 入部(bu)分有3个信号(hao)，12V直流(liu)输(shu)入VIN、工作使能电(dian)压(ya)ENB及(ji)Panel电(dian)流(liu)控制(zhi)信号(hao)DIM。VIN由(you)Adapter提(ti)(ti)供，ENB电(dian)压(ya)由(you)主板(ban)上的MCU 提(ti)(ti)供，其值(zhi)(zhi)为0或3V，当ENB=0时，Inverter不(bu)工作，而ENB=3V时，Inverter处于正常工作状态；而DIM电(dian)压(ya)由(you)主板(ban)提(ti)(ti)供，其变(bian)化 范围在0～5V之间，将不(bu)同(tong)的DIM值(zhi)(zhi)反(fan)馈给PWM控制(zhi)器(qi)反(fan)馈端，Inverter向(xiang)负载提(ti)(ti)供的电(dian)流(liu)也将不(bu)同(tong)，DIM值(zhi)(zhi)越(yue)小，Inverter输(shu)出的电(dian)流(liu) 就越(yue)大。

电压启动回路：

ENB为高电平时，输出高压去(qu)点(dian)亮(liang)Panel的背(bei)光(guang)灯灯管(guan)。

PWM控制器：

有以下几个功能组成：内部参考(kao)电(dian)压(ya)(ya)、误差放大器(qi)(qi)、振荡器(qi)(qi)和PWM、过压(ya)(ya)保(bao)护、欠压(ya)(ya)保(bao)护、短路保(bao)护、输出晶体管(guan)。

直流变换：

由MOS开(kai)关管(guan)(guan)和储能电(dian)(dian)感(gan)组(zu)成电(dian)(dian)压(ya)变换电(dian)(dian)路，输入的脉冲(chong)经(jing)过推(tui)挽(wan)放大器放大后驱动MOS管(guan)(guan)做开(kai)关动作(zuo)，使得(de)直流电(dian)(dian)压(ya)对电(dian)(dian)感(gan)进行(xing)充(chong)放电(dian)(dian)，这样电(dian)(dian)感(gan)的另一(yi)端(duan)就能得(de)到交流电(dian)(dian)压(ya)。

LC振荡及输出回路：

保证(zheng)灯管启(qi)(qi)动需要的1600V电(dian)压，并(bing)在(zai)灯管启(qi)(qi)动以(yi)后将电(dian)压降至800V。

输出电压反馈：

当负载工作(zuo)时，反(fan)馈采样电压(ya)，起到稳定Inventer电压(ya)输出的作(zuo)用(yong)。

其实你可以想象一(yi)下(xia)了(le).都有(you)那些电(dian)(dian)子元(yuan)件(jian)需要正负(fu)极,电(dian)(dian)阻,电(dian)(dian)感一(yi)般不(bu)需要.二极管(guan)一(yi)般坏的(de)(de)可能就(jiu)是(shi)被击(ji)穿只(zhi)要电(dian)(dian)压正常一(yi)般是(shi)没有(you)问(wen)题的(de)(de),三极管(guan)的(de)(de)话是(shi)不(bu)会 导(dao)(dao)通(tong)的(de)(de).稳(wen)压管(guan)如果(guo)(guo)正负(fu)接反的(de)(de)话就(jiu)会损(sun)坏了(le),但一(yi)般有(you)的(de)(de)电(dian)(dian)路(lu)加(jia)了(le)保护就(jiu)是(shi)利用二极管(guan)的(de)(de)单(dan)向导(dao)(dao)通(tong)来保护.在(zai)就(jiu)是(shi)电(dian)(dian)容了(le),电(dian)(dian)容里有(you)正负(fu)之分的(de)(de)就(jiu)是(shi)电(dian)(dian)解(jie)电(dian)(dian)容了(le), 如果(guo)(guo)正负(fu)接反严重的(de)(de)话其外(wai)壳(qiao)发生爆裂.

主要元件二(er)极(ji)管(guan)(guan).开关管(guan)(guan)振荡(dang)变压器(qi).取(qu)样.调宽管(guan)(guan).还有振荡(dang)回路电(dian)阻电(dian)容等参开关电(dian)路原理.

逆变器的(de)主功率(lv)(lv)元件(jian)(jian)的(de)选择(ze)至关重要，目(mu)前使用较(jiao)多的(de)功率(lv)(lv)元件(jian)(jian)有(you)(you)达林顿功率(lv)(lv)晶(jing)体管(guan)（BJT），功率(lv)(lv)场效(xiao)应管(guan)（MOSFET），绝缘栅(zha)晶(jing)体管(guan)（IGBT）和可关 断(duan)晶(jing)闸管(guan)（GTO）等(deng)，在(zai)小容(rong)量低(di)压(ya)(ya)(ya)系统(tong)中(zhong)使用较(jiao)多的(de)器件(jian)(jian)为(wei)MOSFET，因(yin)(yin)为(wei)MOSFET具(ju)有(you)(you)较(jiao)低(di)的(de)通(tong)态(tai)压(ya)(ya)(ya)降和较(jiao)高(gao)的(de)开关频率(lv)(lv)，在(zai)高(gao)压(ya)(ya)(ya)大(da)容(rong)量系统(tong)中(zhong)一(yi)般 均(jun)(jun)采(cai)用IGBT模块，这是因(yin)(yin)为(wei)MOSFET随着电压(ya)(ya)(ya)的(de)升(sheng)高(gao)其通(tong)态(tai)电阻也随之增大(da)，而IGBT在(zai)中(zhong)容(rong)量系统(tong)中(zhong)占有(you)(you)较(jiao)大(da)的(de)优势，而在(zai)特(te)大(da)容(rong)量（100KVA以(yi) 上）系统(tong)中(zhong)，一(yi)般均(jun)(jun)采(cai)用GTO作(zuo)为(wei)功率(lv)(lv)元件(jian)(jian)

大件：场效(xiao)应管或IGBT、变(bian)压器(qi)、电容(rong)、二极(ji)管、比较器(qi)以及3525之(zhi)类的主控。交(jiao)直交(jiao)逆(ni)变(bian)还有整流滤波。

功率(lv)大小和(he)精(jing)度，关(guan)系着(zhe)电路的复杂程(cheng)度。

可(ke)以看一下手机(ji)充(chong)电(dian)器(qi)，这就是(shi)一个小开(kai)关电(dian)源！

IGBT（绝 缘(yuan)栅双(shuang)极晶体(ti)(ti)(ti)管）作为新(xin)(xin)型(xing)电力半(ban)导体(ti)(ti)(ti)场控自关断(duan)器(qi)件(jian)，集功(gong)率MOSFET的(de)高(gao)速性(xing)(xing)能与双(shuang)极性(xing)(xing)器(qi)件(jian)的(de)低(di)电阻于一体(ti)(ti)(ti)，具有输入(ru)阻抗高(gao)，电压(ya)控制(zhi)功(gong)耗低(di)，控制(zhi)电 路简(jian)单，耐高(gao)压(ya)，承(cheng)受电流大等特性(xing)(xing)，在各种(zhong)电力变换中获得(de)极广泛(fan)的(de)应(ying)用。与此同时(shi)，各大半(ban)导体(ti)(ti)(ti)生产厂商不断(duan)开发IGBT的(de)高(gao)耐压(ya)、大电流、高(gao)速、低(di)饱和压(ya) 降、高(gao)可(ke)靠性(xing)(xing)、低(di)成(cheng)本技术(shu)，主要采用1um以下制(zhi)作工艺，研制(zhi)开发取得(de)一些(xie)新(xin)(xin)进展。

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