3.7V锂电池(chi)保护板原理-锂电池(chi)的主要和电压标(biao)准分析-KIA MOS管
信息来(lai)源(yuan)：本(ben)站 日期：2018-03-06
发(fa)展高(gao)科技的(de)(de)目的(de)(de)是为了使其(qi)更(geng)好的(de)(de)服务于(yu)人类。锂(li)离子电(dian)池自1990年(nian)问世(shi)以来(lai)，因(yin)其(qi)卓越(yue)的(de)(de)性能得到了迅猛(meng)的(de)(de)发(fa)展，并广泛地应用(yong)于(yu)社会(hui)。锂(li)离子电(dian)池以其(qi)它电(dian)池所不可比拟的(de)(de)优势迅速占领(ling)了许多(duo)领(ling)域，象大家熟知的(de)(de)移动电(dian)话、笔记(ji)本电(dian)脑、小(xiao)型摄(she)像机等(deng)等(deng)，且越(yue)来(lai)越(yue)多(duo)的(de)(de)国家将该电(dian)池应用(yong)于(yu)军事用(yong)途(tu)。应用(yong)表明，锂(li)离子电(dian)池是一种理想的(de)(de)小(xiao)型绿色电(dian)源。
（1）电(dian)池(chi)盖
（2）正极----活性(xing)物质为(wei)氧化钴锂
（3）隔膜(mo)----一种特殊的复合膜(mo)
（4）负极----活性物(wu)质为碳
（5）有(you)机电解(jie)液
（6）电(dian)池壳(qiao)
（1）工作电压高
（2）比能量(liang)大
（3）循(xun)环寿命长
（4）自放(fang)电率低
（5）无记忆(yi)效应
（6）无污染
首先要(yao)根(gen)据自(zi)己电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)机(ji)(ji)功率(lv)（需(xu)要(yao)实际功率(lv)，一(yi)般骑(qi)行(xing)速(su)度(du)会对(dui)应(ying)一(yi)个相应(ying)实际功率(lv)）来计算(suan)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)需(xu)要(yao)提(ti)供(gong)的持续电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)。比如电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)机(ji)(ji)持续电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)20a（48v下(xia)1000w电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)机(ji)(ji)），那(nei)么就(jiu)(jiu)需(xu)要(yao)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)可以长时间提(ti)供(gong)20a电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)而(er)温升很(hen)低（哪怕夏季外面35度(du)温度(du)，电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)温度(du)也最好(hao)控制在50度(du)以下(xia)）。另外如果(guo)48v下(xia)20a电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)，超(chao)压一(yi)倍（96v，比如ecpu3档）后持续电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)到50a左右。如果(guo)喜欢(huan)长时间超(chao)压使(shi)(shi)(shi)用，那(nei)么请选用能(neng)(neng)持续提(ti)供(gong)50a电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)的电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)（还是注意温升问(wen)题(ti)）。这里的电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)持续电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)不是商家标称的电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)放(fang)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)能(neng)(neng)力(li)。商家标称几C（或几十(shi)几百安培）都是电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)放(fang)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)能(neng)(neng)力(li)，而(er)真的在这种电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)下(xia)放(fang)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)发热很(hen)严(yan)重的，如果(guo)不做好(hao)散(san)热，电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)寿命会很(hen)短。（而(er)我们电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)动(dong)车(che)使(shi)(shi)(shi)用电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)环境是电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)扎堆排放(fang)，基本不留空隙，包的很(hen)严(yan)实，更别提(ti)怎么做好(hao)强(qiang)行(xing)风(feng)冷(leng)散(san)热了(le)）。我们的使(shi)(shi)(shi)用环境很(hen)恶劣。电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)放(fang)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)需(xu)降额使(shi)(shi)(shi)用。评价电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)放(fang)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)能(neng)(neng)力(li)就(jiu)(jiu)是看(kan)这个电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)下(xia)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)对(dui)应(ying)温升是多少。
这里论(lun)述的唯(wei)一原(yuan)则其(qi)实是使(shi)用(yong)过(guo)程中电(dian)池的温(wen)升(sheng)（高温(wen)是锂(li)电(dian)寿命死敌）。最好(hao)电(dian)池温(wen)度(du)控(kong)制在(zai)50度(du)以下。（20-30度(du)之间(jian)最好(hao)）。这也(ye)意味着(zhe)如果是容量型锂(li)电(dian)（控(kong)制在(zai)0.5C以下放(fang)(fang)(fang)电(dian)），提供20a的持续放(fang)(fang)(fang)电(dian)电(dian)流需(xu)要(yao)40ah以上容量（当然最主要(yao)是要(yao)看电(dian)池内阻）。如果是动(dong)力型锂(li)电(dian)，按照1C持续放(fang)(fang)(fang)电(dian)是正常的。哪怕A123超低内阻动(dong)力型锂(li)电(dian)，也(ye)平时(shi)最好(hao)在(zai)1C放(fang)(fang)(fang)电(dian)（不(bu)超过(guo)2C为(wei)好(hao)，2C放(fang)(fang)(fang)电(dian)其(qi)实只能(neng)放(fang)(fang)(fang)半个小(xiao)时(shi)就没(mei)电(dian)了，没(mei)太大(da)使(shi)用(yong)价(jia)值）。容量选择就看车子存放(fang)(fang)(fang)空间(jian)大(da)小(xiao)，个人(ren)支出预算，期望车子活(huo)动(dong)范围大(da)小(xiao)等因素。（小(xiao)容量的一般(ban)必须动(dong)力型锂(li)电(dian)）
串联使用锂电(dian)的(de)大忌是(shi)(shi)(shi)电(dian)池自(zi)放(fang)(fang)电(dian)严重不均衡(heng)。只要大家(jia)都(dou)一样不均衡(heng)没关系，问(wen)题是(shi)(shi)(shi)这种(zhong)状态(tai)是(shi)(shi)(shi)急不稳(wen)定(ding)(ding)状态(tai)，好的(de)电(dian)池自(zi)放(fang)(fang)电(dian)很(hen)小(xiao)，要坏(huai)的(de)电(dian)池自(zi)放(fang)(fang)电(dian)很(hen)大，自(zi)放(fang)(fang)电(dian)不小(xiao)不大的(de)状态(tai)一般(ban)是(shi)(shi)(shi)由好转坏(huai)的(de)状态(tai)，这个过程(cheng)是(shi)(shi)(shi)不稳(wen)定(ding)(ding)的(de)。所以(yi)需要把自(zi)放(fang)(fang)电(dian)大的(de)电(dian)池筛(shai)选出来，只留自(zi)放(fang)(fang)电(dian)小(xiao)的(de)电(dian)池配组（一般(ban)合格(ge)品自(zi)放(fang)(fang)电(dian)都(dou)小(xiao)，厂家(jia)是(shi)(shi)(shi)测量(liang)过的(de)，问(wen)题是(shi)(shi)(shi)好多不合格(ge)品流入市场(chang)）。
在(zai)自(zi)放(fang)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)小的(de)(de)(de)基础上，挑(tiao)选(xuan)容(rong)(rong)(rong)量(liang)(liang)(liang)相(xiang)(xiang)近的(de)(de)(de)串联。即使(shi)容(rong)(rong)(rong)量(liang)(liang)(liang)不(bu)(bu)相(xiang)(xiang)近也(ye)不(bu)(bu)会(hui)影响(xiang)(xiang)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)寿(shou)命(ming)，但(dan)是(shi)(shi)会(hui)影响(xiang)(xiang)整(zheng)组(zu)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)的(de)(de)(de)可用(yong)容(rong)(rong)(rong)量(liang)(liang)(liang)，比(bi)如(ru)15个(ge)容(rong)(rong)(rong)量(liang)(liang)(liang)是(shi)(shi)20ah，只(zhi)(zhi)1个(ge)是(shi)(shi)18ah，那么这组(zu)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)总(zong)容(rong)(rong)(rong)量(liang)(liang)(liang)只(zhi)(zhi)能是(shi)(shi)18ah。用(yong)到最(zui)后会(hui)是(shi)(shi)这个(ge)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)没电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)了(le)，保护板(ban)要(yao)保护了(le)，整(zheng)组(zu)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)压(ya)还比(bi)较高（因(yin)为(wei)其(qi)它15个(ge)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)压(ya)是(shi)(shi)正常的(de)(de)(de)，还有(you)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)）。所(suo)以整(zheng)组(zu)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)的(de)(de)(de)放(fang)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)保护电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)压(ya)高低能看出整(zheng)组(zu)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)容(rong)(rong)(rong)量(liang)(liang)(liang)是(shi)(shi)否一致（前(qian)提是(shi)(shi)整(zheng)组(zu)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)满电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)(de)时候必须每个(ge)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)芯都(dou)充满电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)了(le)）。总(zong)之(zhi)，容(rong)(rong)(rong)量(liang)(liang)(liang)高低不(bu)(bu)均衡不(bu)(bu)影响(xiang)(xiang)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)寿(shou)命(ming)，只(zhi)(zhi)是(shi)(shi)影响(xiang)(xiang)整(zheng)组(zu)容(rong)(rong)(rong)量(liang)(liang)(liang)，所(suo)以尽量(liang)(liang)(liang)挑(tiao)选(xuan)容(rong)(rong)(rong)量(liang)(liang)(liang)相(xiang)(xiang)近的(de)(de)(de)组(zu)装。
组(zu)装电(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)必须做到电(dian)(dian)(dian)极间良好(hao)的(de)欧姆接触(chu)电(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)。就是(shi)电(dian)(dian)(dian)线和(he)电(dian)(dian)(dian)极接触(chu)电(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)越小越好(hao)，否则接触(chu)电(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)大(da)电(dian)(dian)(dian)极会(hui)(hui)发热，这个热量会(hui)(hui)顺着电(dian)(dian)(dian)极传递给电(dian)(dian)(dian)芯内部影响电(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)寿命。当然组(zu)装电(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)大(da)的(de)表现就是(shi)同样放(fang)电(dian)(dian)(dian)电(dian)(dian)(dian)流下电(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)组(zu)压降(jiang)大(da)。（压降(jiang)一部分(fen)是(shi)电(dian)(dian)(dian)芯内阻(zu)，一部分(fen)是(shi)组(zu)装的(de)接触(chu)电(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)和(he)电(dian)(dian)(dian)线电(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)）
（数据(ju)针对磷酸铁锂电池，普通3.7v电池原理(li)相同，只是数据(ju)不同）
保(bao)护板(ban)目的(de)是(shi)用来保(bao)护电(dian)(dian)(dian)池防止过充(chong)电(dian)(dian)(dian)和过放(fang)电(dian)(dian)(dian)，防止大电(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)损坏(huai)电(dian)(dian)(dian)池，并且(qie)满电(dian)(dian)(dian)时做电(dian)(dian)(dian)池电(dian)(dian)(dian)压均(jun)(jun)衡(heng)(heng)（均(jun)(jun)衡(heng)(heng)能力一般都比较小(xiao)，所(suo)以如果有自放(fang)电(dian)(dian)(dian)大的(de)电(dian)(dian)(dian)芯(xin)保(bao)护板(ban)是(shi)很难均(jun)(jun)衡(heng)(heng)的(de)，也有任何状(zhuang)态都做均(jun)(jun)衡(heng)(heng)的(de)保(bao)护板(ban)，就(jiu)是(shi)从开始(shi)充(chong)电(dian)(dian)(dian)就(jiu)做均(jun)(jun)衡(heng)(heng)，好(hao)像(xiang)很少(shao)）。
为了电(dian)(dian)(dian)池组寿命(ming)，建议任何(he)时候电(dian)(dian)(dian)池充电(dian)(dian)(dian)电(dian)(dian)(dian)压都(dou)不要(yao)超过3.6v，意味着保护(hu)板保护(hu)动作电(dian)(dian)(dian)压不高于3.6v，均衡电(dian)(dian)(dian)压建议3.4v-3.5v（每个电(dian)(dian)(dian)芯3.4v已经充进(jin)大于99%电(dian)(dian)(dian)量了，指的静止(zhi)状态，大电(dian)(dian)(dian)流充电(dian)(dian)(dian)时电(dian)(dian)(dian)压会升高）。电(dian)(dian)(dian)池放电(dian)(dian)(dian)保护(hu)电(dian)(dian)(dian)压一般2.5v以(yi)(yi)上就可以(yi)(yi)（2v以(yi)(yi)上问题(ti)不大，一般很少有机会用到(dao)完全没(mei)电(dian)(dian)(dian)，所以(yi)(yi)这个要(yao)求不高）。
充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器建议(yi)最(zui)(zui)高(gao)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)压(ya)（最(zui)(zui)后一(yi)步充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)可以(yi)(yi)(yi)为(wei)(wei)最(zui)(zui)高(gao)恒压(ya)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)模(mo)式(shi)）为(wei)(wei)3.5*串数，比(bi)如16串的(de)(de)(de)(de)为(wei)(wei)56v左右。平时(shi)(shi)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)可以(yi)(yi)(yi)每(mei)(mei)节平均(jun)(jun)(jun)3.4v截止充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)（基本(ben)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)满了(le)），这样电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)寿命有(you)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)障，但(dan)是(shi)因为(wei)(wei)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)护(hu)板还(hai)没(mei)开始均(jun)(jun)(jun)衡(heng)(heng)，如果电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)芯(xin)(xin)有(you)自(zi)放(fang)(fang)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)大的(de)(de)(de)(de)，会随着(zhe)时(shi)(shi)间推移，表(biao)现为(wei)(wei)整(zheng)组(zu)容(rong)量(liang)逐渐下降(jiang)。所以(yi)(yi)(yi)还(hai)需(xu)(xu)要定期（比(bi)如每(mei)(mei)周）把(ba)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)每(mei)(mei)节充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)到3.5v-3.6v并保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)持几个小时(shi)(shi)（只要平均(jun)(jun)(jun)大于均(jun)(jun)(jun)衡(heng)(heng)启(qi)(qi)(qi)动电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)压(ya)就(jiu)可以(yi)(yi)(yi)了(le)），自(zi)放(fang)(fang)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)越大，均(jun)(jun)(jun)衡(heng)(heng)需(xu)(xu)要时(shi)(shi)间越长，自(zi)放(fang)(fang)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)过(guo)(guo)大的(de)(de)(de)(de)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)芯(xin)(xin)已(yi)经很难均(jun)(jun)(jun)衡(heng)(heng)，需(xu)(xu)要剔(ti)除(chu)。所以(yi)(yi)(yi)挑(tiao)选(xuan)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)护(hu)板的(de)(de)(de)(de)时(shi)(shi)候，尽(jin)量(liang)挑(tiao)选(xuan)3.6v过(guo)(guo)压(ya)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)护(hu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)，3.5v左右启(qi)(qi)(qi)动均(jun)(jun)(jun)衡(heng)(heng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)。（市场(chang)上(shang)大部分是(shi)3.8v以(yi)(yi)(yi)上(shang)过(guo)(guo)压(ya)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)护(hu)，3.6v以(yi)(yi)(yi)上(shang)启(qi)(qi)(qi)动均(jun)(jun)(jun)衡(heng)(heng)）。其实选(xuan)择合(he)适(shi)均(jun)(jun)(jun)衡(heng)(heng)启(qi)(qi)(qi)动电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)压(ya)比(bi)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)护(hu)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)压(ya)还(hai)重要，因为(wei)(wei)最(zui)(zui)高(gao)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)压(ya)可以(yi)(yi)(yi)靠调节充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器最(zui)(zui)高(gao)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)压(ya)限制（就(jiu)是(shi)平时(shi)(shi)让保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)护(hu)板没(mei)机会做高(gao)压(ya)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)护(hu)），但(dan)如果均(jun)(jun)(jun)衡(heng)(heng)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)压(ya)高(gao)了(le)，电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)组(zu)没(mei)机会均(jun)(jun)(jun)衡(heng)(heng)（除(chu)非充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)压(ya)大于均(jun)(jun)(jun)衡(heng)(heng)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)压(ya)，但(dan)这样影响电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)寿命），电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)芯(xin)(xin)因自(zi)放(fang)(fang)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)量(liang)会慢慢下降(jiang)（自(zi)放(fang)(fang)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)为(wei)(wei)0的(de)(de)(de)(de)理(li)想电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)芯(xin)(xin)是(shi)不存(cun)在的(de)(de)(de)(de)）。
保(bao)护(hu)板(ban)持(chi)(chi)续放电(dian)(dian)电(dian)(dian)流(liu)能(neng)力。这个是最不好评论的(de)东西(xi)。因为单说(shuo)保(bao)护(hu)板(ban)限(xian)流(liu)能(neng)力没意义。比如一(yi)个75nf75管你让它持(chi)(chi)续通过50a电(dian)(dian)流(liu)（这时发热功率大概30w左(zuo)右(you)，同口板(ban)至(zhi)少(shao)2个串联60w），只(zhi)要有散热片足(zu)够散热是没问(wen)题(ti)的(de)。可以一(yi)直保(bao)持(chi)(chi)在50a甚至(zhi)更高(gao)(gao)不烧管。但是你不能(neng)说(shuo)这个保(bao)护(hu)板(ban)能(neng)持(chi)(chi)续50a电(dian)(dian)流(liu)。因为大家的(de)保(bao)护(hu)板(ban)大多都放在电(dian)(dian)池(chi)盒里面和电(dian)(dian)池(chi)离(li)的(de)很近，甚至(zhi)是近靠着。所以这么(me)高(gao)(gao)温(wen)(wen)度会导热电(dian)(dian)池(chi)升温(wen)(wen)，问(wen)题(ti)来了，高(gao)(gao)温(wen)(wen)是电(dian)(dian)池(chi)的(de)死敌。
所以保护(hu)(hu)板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)的使(shi)用(yong)(yong)环境(jing)决定(ding)了如(ru)何挑选限流(liu)大(da)小(xiao)（而不是保护(hu)(hu)板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)本身(shen)电流(liu)能力）。如(ru)果是把保护(hu)(hu)板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)从电池盒拿出(chu)来，那么几乎随(sui)便一个带散热(re)片的保护(hu)(hu)板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)都能搞定(ding)50a持续(xu)电流(liu)甚(shen)至更高（这时(shi)只考虑保护(hu)(hu)板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)能力，不用(yong)(yong)担心温(wen)升(sheng)给电芯带来损害）。下(xia)(xia)(xia)面笔者说说大(da)家常(chang)用(yong)(yong)环境(jing)，就(jiu)是和电池在(zai)同(tong)一个密闭空间里。这时(shi)保护(hu)(hu)板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)的最大(da)发(fa)热(re)功率最好控(kong)制在(zai)10w以下(xia)(xia)(xia)（如(ru)果是小(xiao)保护(hu)(hu)板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)需要5w以下(xia)(xia)(xia)，大(da)体(ti)积保护(hu)(hu)板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)可(ke)以10w以上(shang)，因(yin)为本身(shen)散热(re)好，温(wen)度(du)不会太高），至于多少合适，建议持续(xu)电流(liu)时(shi)整个板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)子(zi)最高温(wen)度(du)不超过60度(du)（50度(du)以下(xia)(xia)(xia)最好）。理(li)论上(shang)保护(hu)(hu)板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)温(wen)度(du)越(yue)低越(yue)好，对电芯越(yue)没(mei)影响。
同口板(ban)因为(wei)(wei)(wei)充电(dian)电(dian)mos串联，所(suo)以(yi)(yi)同样情况(kuang)比异(yi)口板(ban)发(fa)热(re)(re)(re)(re)翻(fan)倍(bei)，为(wei)(wei)(wei)了(le)相(xiang)(xiang)同发(fa)热(re)(re)(re)(re)，只有管(guan)子(zi)数(shu)量(liang)高4倍(bei)（相(xiang)(xiang)同型(xing)号(hao)(hao)mos前(qian)提下(xia)）。 我们(men)计(ji)算一下(xia)，假如50a持(chi)续(xu)(xu)电(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)，那么(me)mos内(nei)阻(zu)(zu)(zu)为(wei)(wei)(wei)2毫(hao)欧(ou)姆(mu)(mu)（需(xu)要(yao)5个(ge)75nf75管(guan)才能(neng)得到这(zhei)个(ge)等(deng)效内(nei)阻(zu)(zu)(zu)），发(fa)热(re)(re)(re)(re)功率(lv)是(shi)50*50*0.002=5w。这(zhei)时(shi)是(shi)可(ke)(ke)以(yi)(yi)的（其实2毫(hao)欧(ou)姆(mu)(mu)内(nei)阻(zu)(zu)(zu)的mos电(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)能(neng)力100a以(yi)(yi)上(shang)都没(mei)问题，但发(fa)热(re)(re)(re)(re)大(da)）。如果(guo)是(shi)同口板(ban)，需(xu)要(yao)4个(ge)2毫(hao)欧(ou)姆(mu)(mu)内(nei)阻(zu)(zu)(zu)mos（每2个(ge)并联内(nei)阻(zu)(zu)(zu)为(wei)(wei)(wei)1毫(hao)欧(ou)姆(mu)(mu)，再(zai)串联，总(zong)(zong)内(nei)阻(zu)(zu)(zu)等(deng)于(yu)2毫(hao)欧(ou)姆(mu)(mu).如果(guo)用(yong)(yong)75管(guan)，需(xu)要(yao)总(zong)(zong)数(shu)量(liang)20只）。100a持(chi)续(xu)(xu)电(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)允许发(fa)热(re)(re)(re)(re)功率(lv)10w的话，需(xu)要(yao)内(nei)阻(zu)(zu)(zu)为(wei)(wei)(wei)1毫(hao)欧(ou)姆(mu)(mu)的管(guan)子(zi)（当然(ran)可(ke)(ke)以(yi)(yi)通(tong)过mos并联得到相(xiang)(xiang)同等(deng)效内(nei)阻(zu)(zu)(zu)），如果(guo)异(yi)口板(ban)数(shu)量(liang)仍是(shi)4倍(bei)，如果(guo)100a持(chi)续(xu)(xu)电(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)仍最(zui)(zui)高允许5w发(fa)热(re)(re)(re)(re)功率(lv)，那么(me)只能(neng)用(yong)(yong)0.5毫(hao)欧(ou)姆(mu)(mu)管(guan)子(zi)，相(xiang)(xiang)对于(yu)50a持(chi)续(xu)(xu)电(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)需(xu)要(yao)数(shu)量(liang)4倍(bei)mos才能(neng)同样发(fa)热(re)(re)(re)(re)量(liang)）。所(suo)以(yi)(yi)在(zai)使(shi)用(yong)(yong)保(bao)(bao)(bao)护(hu)板(ban)时(shi)，为(wei)(wei)(wei)了(le)降低温度，选用(yong)(yong)内(nei)阻(zu)(zu)(zu)小的板(ban)子(zi)，如果(guo)内(nei)阻(zu)(zu)(zu)已经(jing)确定那么(me)请尽量(liang)让板(ban)子(zi)和(he)外界散热(re)(re)(re)(re)好(hao)点。挑选保(bao)(bao)(bao)护(hu)板(ban)别听(ting)卖(mai)(mai)家(jia)(jia)忽悠的持(chi)续(xu)(xu)多少(shao)(shao)电(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)能(neng)力，就(jiu)问保(bao)(bao)(bao)护(hu)板(ban)放(fang)电(dian)回路(lu)总(zong)(zong)内(nei)阻(zu)(zu)(zu)是(shi)多少(shao)(shao)就(jiu)可(ke)(ke)以(yi)(yi)自(zi)己算了(le)（问用(yong)(yong)的什(shen)么(me)型(xing)号(hao)(hao)管(guan)子(zi)，用(yong)(yong)了(le)多少(shao)(shao)数(shu)量(liang)，自(zi)己查(cha)内(nei)阻(zu)(zu)(zu)计(ji)算）。笔者感觉如果(guo)真的在(zai)卖(mai)(mai)家(jia)(jia)标称持(chi)续(xu)(xu)电(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)下(xia)放(fang)电(dian)，保(bao)(bao)(bao)护(hu)板(ban)温升应(ying)该(gai)比较(jiao)高。所(suo)以(yi)(yi)最(zui)(zui)好(hao)降额挑选保(bao)(bao)(bao)护(hu)板(ban)。（说50a持(chi)续(xu)(xu)，你用(yong)(yong)到30a就(jiu)好(hao)了(le)，需(xu)要(yao)50a持(chi)续(xu)(xu)的，最(zui)(zui)好(hao)买80a标称持(chi)续(xu)(xu)的）。使(shi)用(yong)(yong)48v ecpu的用(yong)(yong)户，建(jian)议选择保(bao)(bao)(bao)护(hu)板(ban)总(zong)(zong)内(nei)阻(zu)(zu)(zu)不大(da)于(yu)2毫(hao)欧(ou)姆(mu)(mu)。
同口(kou)板(ban)和(he)异口(kou)板(ban)区别：同口(kou)板(ban)是充放电同一根线，充电和(he)放电都受保(bao)护(hu)。
异口(kou)(kou)板(ban)是(shi)(shi)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)线(xian)和放(fang)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)线(xian)独立(li)，充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)口(kou)(kou)只(zhi)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)时(shi)保(bao)护(hu)过(guo)(guo)(guo)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)，如果从(cong)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)口(kou)(kou)放(fang)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)则不(bu)(bu)保(bao)护(hu)（但是(shi)(shi)完全能(neng)(neng)放(fang)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，不(bu)(bu)过(guo)(guo)(guo)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)口(kou)(kou)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)能(neng)(neng)力一(yi)般比(bi)较(jiao)小(xiao)）。放(fang)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)口(kou)(kou)是(shi)(shi)放(fang)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)时(shi)保(bao)护(hu)过(guo)(guo)(guo)放(fang)，如果从(cong)放(fang)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)口(kou)(kou)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)则不(bu)(bu)保(bao)护(hu)过(guo)(guo)(guo)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)（所(suo)以ecpu的反(fan)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)对(dui)异口(kou)(kou)板(ban)来说是(shi)(shi)完全能(neng)(neng)用的。并且(qie)反(fan)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)进的能(neng)(neng)量绝对(dui)比(bi)使用的少，所(suo)以不(bu)(bu)用担(dan)心(xin)因反(fan)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)过(guo)(guo)(guo)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)了。除非(fei)刚充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)满(man)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)出门，立(li)即是(shi)(shi)几(ji)公里的下(xia)坡(po)，这样一(yi)直启动eabs反(fan)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)真有可(ke)能(neng)(neng)把(ba)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)搞过(guo)(guo)(guo)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)，这种情况(kuang)基本不(bu)(bu)存在），不(bu)(bu)过(guo)(guo)(guo)正常使用充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)绝对(dui)不(bu)(bu)能(neng)(neng)从(cong)放(fang)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)口(kou)(kou)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，除非(fei)自己(ji)一(yi)直监控充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)压(ya)（比(bi)如临(lin)时(shi)路边紧急大电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，可(ke)以从(cong)放(fang)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)口(kou)(kou)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，不(bu)(bu)需要充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)满(man)就继续骑行，不(bu)(bu)用担(dan)心(xin)过(guo)(guo)(guo)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)）
算好(hao)(hao)你的(de)电(dian)(dian)机(ji)最大持续(xu)电(dian)(dian)流(liu)，挑(tiao)选(xuan)合适容量或动力的(de)电(dian)(dian)池能满足(zu)这个持续(xu)电(dian)(dian)流(liu)而(er)温升得(de)到(dao)控(kong)制(zhi)，选(xuan)保(bao)(bao)护(hu)(hu)(hu)板(ban)内阻越(yue)小越(yue)好(hao)(hao)。保(bao)(bao)护(hu)(hu)(hu)板(ban)过(guo)流(liu)保(bao)(bao)护(hu)(hu)(hu)其实(shi)只需要(yao)短路保(bao)(bao)护(hu)(hu)(hu)等非(fei)(fei)正(zheng)常使(shi)用(yong)保(bao)(bao)护(hu)(hu)(hu)就好(hao)(hao)了（千(qian)万别想(xiang)通过(guo)保(bao)(bao)护(hu)(hu)(hu)板(ban)限流(liu)来限制(zhi)控(kong)制(zhi)器或电(dian)(dian)机(ji)需要(yao)电(dian)(dian)流(liu)）。因为如果你电(dian)(dian)机(ji)需要(yao)50a电(dian)(dian)流(liu)，你非(fei)(fei)用(yong)保(bao)(bao)护(hu)(hu)(hu)板(ban)限流(liu)40a，会导致经常保(bao)(bao)护(hu)(hu)(hu)，控(kong)制(zhi)器突然(ran)断电(dian)(dian)反而(er)容易(yi)坏控(kong)制(zhi)器。
（1）开路电(dian)(dian)(dian)压(ya)：是指非工作状态的锂离子电(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)的电(dian)(dian)(dian)压(ya)，此时，没有(you)电(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)流(liu)过，满电(dian)(dian)(dian)时电(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)正负(fu)极之间(jian)的电(dian)(dian)(dian)势差通(tong)常在(zai)3.7V左右，高(gao)的可达3.8V;
（2）与开路电(dian)压(ya)相(xiang)对应的(de)(de)是工(gong)作(zuo)电(dian)压(ya)，即工(gong)作(zuo)状态(tai)时(shi)锂离子电(dian)池的(de)(de)电(dian)压(ya)，此时(shi)，有(you)电(dian)流(liu)(liu)流(liu)(liu)过(guo)，因为要克服电(dian)流(liu)(liu)流(liu)(liu)过(guo)时(shi)的(de)(de)内阻，所以，工(gong)作(zuo)电(dian)压(ya)总是低于满(man)电(dian)时(shi)的(de)(de)电(dian)压(ya);
（3）终止电(dian)(dian)(dian)压：即电(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)放到(dao)一定电(dian)(dian)(dian)压值(zhi)后不宜再继续放电(dian)(dian)(dian)，由(you)锂(li)离子电(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)的(de)结构所(suo)决定，通常由(you)于保护(hu)板作用，放电(dian)(dian)(dian)终止时电(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)的(de)电(dian)(dian)(dian)压在2.95V左(zuo)右;
（4）标准(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)电(dian)(dian)压(ya)(ya)(ya)：从(cong)原理上讲， 标准(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)电(dian)(dian)压(ya)(ya)(ya)又叫额定电(dian)(dian)压(ya)(ya)(ya)，指电(dian)(dian)池正负极材料发生化学反(fan)应造成的电(dian)(dian)位(wei)差(cha)的标准(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)值，锂离(li)子电(dian)(dian)池的额定电(dian)(dian)压(ya)(ya)(ya)是(shi)3.7V，可见(jian)，标准(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)电(dian)(dian)压(ya)(ya)(ya)就是(shi)标准(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)的工作电(dian)(dian)压(ya)(ya)(ya);
从上述四(si)种锂离(li)(li)子(zi)电(dian)(dian)池的(de)(de)电(dian)(dian)压(ya)(ya)来(lai)看(kan)，工作状态涉及到的(de)(de)锂离(li)(li)子(zi)电(dian)(dian)池的(de)(de)电(dian)(dian)压(ya)(ya)有标准电(dian)(dian)压(ya)(ya)和工作电(dian)(dian)压(ya)(ya)，非工作状态时，锂离(li)(li)子(zi)电(dian)(dian)池的(de)(de)电(dian)(dian)压(ya)(ya)则处(chu)于开路(lu)电(dian)(dian)压(ya)(ya)和终(zhong)止电(dian)(dian)压(ya)(ya)中，因为锂离(li)(li)子(zi)电(dian)(dian)池的(de)(de)化学(xue)反应可(ke)重复使用(yong)，因此，当锂离(li)(li)子(zi)电(dian)(dian)池的(de)(de)电(dian)(dian)压(ya)(ya)处(chu)于终(zhong)止电(dian)(dian)压(ya)(ya)时，电(dian)(dian)池就要进行充电(dian)(dian)，长(zhang)时间不充电(dian)(dian)就会导致(zhi)电(dian)(dian)池的(de)(de)寿命(ming)降低甚(shen)至报废。
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