固态继电器原理图,电路图分享-KIA MOS管

固态继电器原理

固(gu)态继电(dian)(dian)(dian)器是由微(wei)电(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)电(dian)(dian)(dian)路，分立电(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)器件(jian)(jian)，电(dian)(dian)(dian)力电(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)功(gong)率器件(jian)(jian)组成(cheng)的(de)无(wu)(wu)触(chu)点(dian)开关(guan)。它利用电(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)元件(jian)(jian)（如开关(guan)三极管(guan)、双向可控硅等半导(dao)体(ti)器件(jian)(jian)）的(de)开关(guan)特性，可达到无(wu)(wu)触(chu)点(dian)无(wu)(wu)火花地接通(tong)和断(duan)开电(dian)(dian)(dian)路的(de)目的(de)，因此被称为“无(wu)(wu)触(chu)点(dian)开关(guan)”。

常用固态继电器原理图

这种继电(dian)器(qi)是一(yi)种四(si)端有(you)源器(qi)件，具备(bei)两个输(shu)(shu)(shu)入(ru)控制端和两个输(shu)(shu)(shu)出受控端。它(ta)不仅具备(bei)放大(da)驱(qu)动功能(neng)，还(hai)起到电(dian)气(qi)隔离(li)(li)的作(zuo)用，通过光电(dian)隔离(li)(li)器(qi)实现输(shu)(shu)(shu)入(ru)与输(shu)(shu)(shu)出之(zhi)间的有(you)效(xiao)隔离(li)(li)。当在输(shu)(shu)(shu)入(ru)端施(shi)加直流或脉冲(chong)信(xin)号时，输(shu)(shu)(shu)出端能(neng)从(cong)关断状(zhuang)态(tai)迅速转(zhuan)变为导通状(zhuang)态(tai)（无信(xin)号时则保持阻断状(zhuang)态(tai)），从(cong)而实现对大(da)负载的精准控制。

交流固态继电器（过零型）电路图

固(gu)态继电(dian)(dian)器由三部分组成：输(shu)入(ru)(ru)电(dian)(dian)路、隔离（耦合(he))和输(shu)出电(dian)(dian)路组成，在输(shu)入(ru)(ru)电(dian)(dian)路控制(zhi)(zhi)端加入(ru)(ru)信(xin)号后(hou)，IC1光(guang)电(dian)(dian)耦合(he)器内(nei)光(guang)敏(min)三极管(guan)呈导通状态，R1串接电(dian)(dian)阻对输(shu)入(ru)(ru)信(xin)号进行限流，以保证光(guang)耦合(he)器不致(zhi)损坏。LED发(fa)光(guang)二极管(guan)指(zhi)示输(shu)入(ru)(ru)端控制(zhi)(zhi)信(xin)号，VD1可防止当输(shu)入(ru)(ru)信(xin)号正负极性接反时以保护光(guang)耦IC1。

V1在(zai)(zai)线(xian)路(lu)中起到交流(liu)电(dian)压(ya)检(jian)测作用，使固态(tai)继电(dian)器(qi)在(zai)(zai)电(dian)压(ya)过(guo)(guo)零(ling)(ling)时开启、负载电(dian)流(liu)过(guo)(guo)零(ling)(ling)时关(guan)断(duan)(duan)。当IC1光敏三极(ji)(ji)管截(jie)止时（控(kong)制端无信号输入(ru)时)，V1通(tong)过(guo)(guo)R2获得基极(ji)(ji)电(dian)流(liu)使之饱和导通(tong)，从而使SCR可控(kong)硅(gui)门(men)极(ji)(ji)触发电(dian)压(ya)UGT被箝在(zai)(zai)低电(dian)位而处(chu)于关(guan)断(duan)(duan)状(zhuang)(zhuang)态(tai)，最终导致BTA双向(xiang)可控(kong)硅(gui)在(zai)(zai)门(men)极(ji)(ji)控(kong)制端R6上无触发脉冲(chong)而处(chu)于关(guan)断(duan)(duan)状(zhuang)(zhuang)态(tai)。

当IC1光(guang)敏三极管(guan)导(dao)通(tong)时(shi)（控制端有信(xin)号(hao)输(shu)入(ru)时(shi)），SCR可控硅(gui)的(de)工(gong)作(zuo)状(zhuang)态(tai)由交(jiao)流(liu)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)压(ya)零点检测三极管(guan)V1来确定其工(gong)作(zuo)状(zhuang)态(tai)。如(ru)(ru)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)压(ya)经(jing)R2与R3分(fen)压(ya)，A处(chu)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)压(ya)大于(yu)过(guo)零电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)压(ya)时(shi)（VA>VBE1)，V1处(chu)饱和(he)导(dao)通(tong)状(zhuang)态(tai)，SCR、BTA可控硅(gui)都处(chu)于(yu)关断状(zhuang)态(tai)；如(ru)(ru)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)压(ya)经(jing)R2与R3分(fen)压(ya)，A处(chu)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)压(ya)小(xiao)于(yu)过(guo)零电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)压(ya)时(shi)（VA>VBE1）V1处(chu)截止(zhi)状(zhuang)态(tai)，SCR可控硅(gui)通(tong)过(guo)R4获得触发信(xin)号(hao)而导(dao)通(tong)，从而使BTA在R6上也(ye)(ye)获得触发信(xin)号(hao)也(ye)(ye)呈导(dao)通(tong)状(zhuang)态(tai)，对负载电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)进行关断控制。如(ru)(ru)此时(shi)控制端信(xin)号(hao)关断后，负载电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)也(ye)(ye)随之(zhi)减小(xiao)至BTA双向可控硅(gui)的(de)维持电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)IH时(shi)可自行关断，切(qie)断负载电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)。

直流固态继电器电路图

在(zai)输(shu)(shu)入(ru)(ru)(ru)控制回路(lu)中(zhong)，电阻R1串接在(zai)IC1光电耦(ou)合器(qi)输(shu)(shu)入(ru)(ru)(ru)端对其发光管进(jin)行限流保(bao)护，发光管LED对输(shu)(shu)入(ru)(ru)(ru)控制信号给予指示，VD1对输(shu)(shu)入(ru)(ru)(ru)端的(de)反偏电压进(jin)行保(bao)护。当控制端无(wu)信号输(shu)(shu)入(ru)(ru)(ru)时(shi)，IC1光电耦(ou)合器(qi)中(zhong)的(de)光敏三极(ji)管呈(cheng)(cheng)截止高(gao)阻状态(tai)，V1通过(guo)R2获得其基(ji)极(ji)电流使之饱和导通，从(cong)而导致V2、V3、V4均处在(zai)截止状态(tai)，使其固态(tai)继电器(qi)呈(cheng)(cheng)关断状态(tai)。

当控制端(duan)有信(xin)号输(shu)(shu)(shu)入时，IC1中光(guang)敏三极管(guan)导通，使V1呈(cheng)截止状(zhuang)态，从(cong)而(er)使V2、V3、V4导通使其固(gu)态继电(dian)器(qi)呈(cheng)接(jie)通状(zhuang)态，并将电(dian)源加(jia)至(zhi)负载上，直流固(gu)态继电(dian)器(qi)的输(shu)(shu)(shu)出端(duan)随(sui)着(zhe)输(shu)(shu)(shu)入端(duan)信(xin)号的加(jia)入而(er)导通，信(xin)号的消(xiao)失而(er)关断。另外，大功(gong)率(lv)(lv)低(di)电(dian)压的直流固(gu)态继电(dian)器(qi)的输(shu)(shu)(shu)出开关普遍(bian)采用功(gong)率(lv)(lv)场效应(ying)管(guan)来替代功(gong)率(lv)(lv)三极管(guan)，以此来降低(di)输(shu)(shu)(shu)入功(gong)率(lv)(lv)。

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