交流充电桩电路图,原理详解-KIA MOS管

交流充电桩原理

交(jiao)流(liu)充(chong)(chong)电(dian)(dian)(dian)是指交(jiao)流(liu)电(dian)(dian)(dian)通过标准充(chong)(chong)电(dian)(dian)(dian)插头和充(chong)(chong)电(dian)(dian)(dian)插座，进(jin)入车载充(chong)(chong)电(dian)(dian)(dian)机(ji)，车载充(chong)(chong)电(dian)(dian)(dian)机(ji)再把交(jiao)流(liu)电(dian)(dian)(dian)转化为(wei)直(zhi)流(liu)电(dian)(dian)(dian)，给动(dong)力电(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)充(chong)(chong)电(dian)(dian)(dian)，完(wan)成(cheng)基本的交(jiao)流(liu)充(chong)(chong)电(dian)(dian)(dian)。

交(jiao)流充(chong)电(dian)(dian)(dian)桩：车(che)辆连接(jie)(jie)外部(bu)电(dian)(dian)(dian)网的部(bu)件，直(zhi)接(jie)(jie)给车(che)载(zai)充(chong)电(dian)(dian)(dian)机提供(gong)220V AC或(huo)380V AC电(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)。也(ye)具有检(jian)测(ce)车(che)辆和电(dian)(dian)(dian)网状(zhuang)态(tai)，连接(jie)(jie)或(huo)断开给车(che)辆供(gong)电(dian)(dian)(dian)的功(gong)能(neng)。

交流充电桩电路原理图

CC端子的(de)(de)功能(neng)，Connecttion Confirmation，链(lian)接确认。当(dang)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)电(dian)(dian)(dian)枪插入新(xin)能(neng)源汽车(che)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)电(dian)(dian)(dian)口后，汽车(che)检(jian)(jian)测(ce)点(dian)3电(dian)(dian)(dian)压(ya)会发生(sheng)变化。当(dang)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)电(dian)(dian)(dian)枪按(an)压(ya)开(kai)关(guan)按(an)下时(shi)，R4与RC串联，电(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)较(jiao)大，检(jian)(jian)测(ce)点(dian)3电(dian)(dian)(dian)压(ya)较(jiao)高；当(dang)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)电(dian)(dian)(dian)枪按(an)压(ya)开(kai)关(guan)松开(kai)后，R4短(duan)路，只(zhi)有一个RC电(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)，检(jian)(jian)测(ce)点(dian)电(dian)(dian)(dian)压(ya)较(jiao)低，通(tong)过检(jian)(jian)测(ce)点(dian)电(dian)(dian)(dian)压(ya)变化，确定(ding)(ding)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)电(dian)(dian)(dian)枪是否接入。RC电(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)的(de)(de)大小，决(jue)定(ding)(ding)了(le)检(jian)(jian)测(ce)点(dian)3的(de)(de)电(dian)(dian)(dian)压(ya)值，告(gao)诉(su)新(xin)能(neng)源车(che)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)电(dian)(dian)(dian)枪输出电(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)的(de)(de)大小。通(tong)过CC端子，新(xin)能(neng)源车(che)知道了(le)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)电(dian)(dian)(dian)枪是否接入，充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)电(dian)(dian)(dian)枪输出电(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)大小，但是不(bu)知道充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)电(dian)(dian)(dian)枪是否有电(dian)(dian)(dian)。

CP端子，新能(neng)源汽(qi)车(che)交流充(chong)电桩中的(de)CP端子，即(ji)控制引导功(gong)能(neng)信号（Control Pilot Function），在充(chong)电过程中扮演着重要的(de)角色(se)。

① 控制(zhi)引导功能：CP信号主要用(yong)于监控电(dian)动汽车(che)(che)和电(dian)动汽车(che)(che)供电(dian)设备（充电(dian)桩）之间(jian)的交互(hu)功能。它是(shi)一种(zhong)使用(yong)PWM（脉(mai)宽调制(zhi)）调制(zhi)和幅(fu)值交变的通(tong)讯方式，确(que)保充电(dian)过程(cheng)的自动化和智能化。

② 充电(dian)枪(qiang)状态(tai)(tai)：充电(dian)枪(qiang)有几(ji)种状态(tai)(tai)，CP信号对应(ying)这些状态(tai)(tai)：

拔枪(qiang)：充(chong)电枪(qiang)体与(yu)汽(qi)车(che)分离(li)状态。充(chong)电枪(qiang)控制器连接12电源，检测点1电压为12V。

插枪(qiang)：充电枪(qiang)插入(ru)汽(qi)车但(dan)还未进行充电。充电枪(qiang)检(jian)测点1电压因为(wei)接入(ru)一个新(xin)能(neng)源(yuan)汽(qi)车电阻R3，电压降(jiang)低为(wei)9V，相当于新(xin)能(neng)源(yuan)汽(qi)车告诉充电枪(qiang)，新(xin)能(neng)源(yuan)汽(qi)车已经连接充电枪(qiang)。

充(chong)(chong)电(dian)(dian)准(zhun)备(bei)(bei)：充(chong)(chong)电(dian)(dian)枪(qiang)知道新能源(yuan)汽车(che)(che)已(yi)经连(lian)接(jie)充(chong)(chong)电(dian)(dian)枪(qiang)后(hou)，充(chong)(chong)电(dian)(dian)枪(qiang)控制器切换(huan)为pwm输(shu)出，输(shu)出正(zheng)脉冲(chong)为9V；当汽车(che)(che)自检通(tong)过后(hou)，新能源(yuan)汽车(che)(che)闭(bi)合开(kai)关S3，拉低脉冲(chong)电(dian)(dian)压为6V，告(gao)诉充(chong)(chong)电(dian)(dian)枪(qiang)新能源(yuan)汽车(che)(che)已(yi)经准(zhun)备(bei)(bei)好执行充(chong)(chong)电(dian)(dian)，请求充(chong)(chong)电(dian)(dian)桩合闸(zha)。

充(chong)(chong)电(dian)开始：充(chong)(chong)电(dian)枪(qiang)检测点1收(shou)到6V脉冲电(dian)压后，知道(dao)新能(neng)源汽车(che)已经符合充(chong)(chong)电(dian)条件(jian)，充(chong)(chong)电(dian)桩合闸，向汽车(che)供电(dian)。

停止充电(dian)：充电(dian)结束或异(yi)常情况发生时，新能源汽(qi)车S3断开(kai)，6V的脉(mai)冲电(dian)压跳变为9V，充电(dian)枪断开(kai)K1与K2，停止充电(dian)。

③ 信号变化：

充(chong)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)枪接入(ru)汽(qi)车(che)前，CP信(xin)号为(wei)(wei)12V高电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)平。充(chong)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)枪接入(ru)汽(qi)车(che)后，CP信(xin)号会跳(tiao)变为(wei)(wei)9V。充(chong)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)桩(zhuang)(zhuang)MCU检(jian)测到CP信(xin)号跳(tiao)变为(wei)(wei)9V后，切换高电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)平输出为(wei)(wei)PWM输出。PWM占(zhan)空(kong)比表示充(chong)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)桩(zhuang)(zhuang)最(zui)大输出电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流。

汽车确(que)认充(chong)电(dian)(dian)信号后，将车载充(chong)电(dian)(dian)机中的分压电(dian)(dian)阻切(qie)换，使得(de)CP信号跳变(bian)为6V。充(chong)电(dian)(dian)桩(zhuang)MCU检测到CP信号跳变(bian)为6V后，主(zhu)继电(dian)(dian)器合闸，开(kai)始为汽车充(chong)电(dian)(dian)。

④ 充电(dian)(dian)(dian)过程(cheng)控制：在充电(dian)(dian)(dian)过程(cheng)中，MCU还会实(shi)时检测(ce)PWM信号的幅值，如果发(fa)现跳变为非6V，则会及时拉闸断电(dian)(dian)(dian)，以保障充电(dian)(dian)(dian)安全。

⑤ 通信协议(yi)：CP信号是汽车充电桩和充电车之间的(de)唯一通讯(xun)(xun)信号，通过CP信号，可以(yi)判断通讯(xun)(xun)是否正常，从而确保充电过程的(de)顺利进行。

⑥ 抗干扰能(neng)力：CP信号的(de)通讯(xun)波形为1KHz的(de)PWM波，具有较高(gao)的(de)抗干扰能(neng)力，能(neng)够保证通讯(xun)的(de)稳定性和可靠(kao)性。

通(tong)过这些功能，CP端(duan)子确保了新能源汽车在充电(dian)(dian)过程中(zhong)的(de)安全性和(he)兼容性，提升了充电(dian)(dian)的(de)自(zi)动化和(he)智(zhi)能化水平。

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