login_门徒娱乐「一家用心的游戏平台」稳压管在电路中的作用-稳压管工作原理图文详解及主要参数指标-KIA MOS管

稳压(ya)管在电路中的作用-稳压(ya)管工作原理(li)图(tu)文详解及主要参数指标-KIA MOS管

信息来源：本站　日(ri)期：2018-11-12　

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稳压管在电路中的作用

稳压管知识详解

稳(wen)压二极(ji)管(guan)（又叫齐纳(na)二极(ji)管(guan)）是(shi)一(yi)(yi)种硅材料(liao)制成(cheng)的面接触型晶(jing)体二极(ji)管(guan)，简(jian)称稳(wen)压管(guan)。此二极(ji)管(guan)是(shi)一(yi)(yi)种直到临界(jie)反向(xiang)击穿电(dian)(dian)压前(qian)都具有很高(gao)电(dian)(dian)阻的半导(dao)体器(qi)件。稳(wen)压管(guan)在(zai)反向(xiang)击穿时，在(zai)一(yi)(yi)定的电(dian)(dian)流范围(wei)内（或(huo)者说(shuo)在(zai)一(yi)(yi)定功率损耗(hao)范围(wei)内），端电(dian)(dian)压几乎(hu)不(bu)变，表现出(chu)稳(wen)压特性，因(yin)而广泛应(ying)用于(yu)稳(wen)压电(dian)(dian)源与(yu)限幅电(dian)(dian)路之中。

稳(wen)(wen)压(ya)二极管是(shi)根据击穿电(dian)压(ya)来(lai)分档的，因为(wei)这种特性(xing)，稳(wen)(wen)压(ya)管主要被(bei)作为(wei)稳(wen)(wen)压(ya)器或电(dian)压(ya)基准元件使用。稳(wen)(wen)压(ya)二极管可以串联(lian)起来(lai)以便在较高(gao)的电(dian)压(ya)上使用，通过串联(lian)就(jiu)可获得更多的稳(wen)(wen)定电(dian)压(ya)，称为(wei)双向稳(wen)(wen)压(ya)管。

稳压管主要参数指标

指稳压(ya)(ya)管通过额(e)定(ding)电流时(shi)两端(duan)产生的稳定(ding)电压(ya)(ya)值。该值随工作电流和(he)温度的不(bu)同而略有改变(bian)。由于制(zhi)造工艺的差别(bie)，同一(yi)型(xing)(xing)号稳压(ya)(ya)管的稳压(ya)(ya)值也不(bu)完(wan)全(quan)一(yi)致(zhi)。例如，2CW51型(xing)(xing)稳压(ya)(ya)管的Vzmin为3.0V,Vzmax则为3.6V。

1、耗散功率Pz

反(fan)向电流(liu)通过稳压二极(ji)管(guan)的(de)PN结(jie)时，要产生一定(ding)的(de)功(gong)(gong)率(lv)(lv)损耗(hao)(hao)(hao)，PN结(jie)的(de)温(wen)度(du)也将升高(gao)。根据允许的(de)PN结(jie)工作温(wen)度(du)决定(ding)出管(guan)子的(de)耗(hao)(hao)(hao)散(san)功(gong)(gong)率(lv)(lv)。通常小(xiao)功(gong)(gong)率(lv)(lv)管(guan)约为几百毫(hao)瓦(wa)至几瓦(wa)。 [3] 最大耗(hao)(hao)(hao)散(san)功(gong)(gong)率(lv)(lv)Pzm：是稳压管(guan)的(de)最大功(gong)(gong)率(lv)(lv)损耗(hao)(hao)(hao)取决于PN结(jie)的(de)面积和散(san)热等(deng)条件。反(fan)向工作时，PN结(jie)的(de)功(gong)(gong)率(lv)(lv)损耗(hao)(hao)(hao)为：Pz=Vz*Iz，由Pzm和Vz可以决定(ding)Izmax。

2、稳定电流Iz

最小稳(wen)(wen)(wen)定(ding)(ding)电(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)Izmin、大(da)稳(wen)(wen)(wen)定(ding)(ding)电(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)Izmax稳(wen)(wen)(wen)定(ding)(ding)电(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)：工(gong)作电(dian)(dian)压(ya)(ya)等于(yu)稳(wen)(wen)(wen)定(ding)(ding)电(dian)(dian)压(ya)(ya)时(shi)的(de)反向电(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)；最小稳(wen)(wen)(wen)定(ding)(ding)电(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)：稳(wen)(wen)(wen)压(ya)(ya)二(er)(er)极(ji)管工(gong)作于(yu)稳(wen)(wen)(wen)定(ding)(ding)电(dian)(dian)压(ya)(ya)时(shi)所需的(de)最小反向电(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)；最大(da)稳(wen)(wen)(wen)定(ding)(ding)电(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)：稳(wen)(wen)(wen)压(ya)(ya)二(er)(er)极(ji)管允许通过的(de)最大(da)反向电(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)。

3、动态电(dian)阻rz

其概念与一般二极管(guan)的(de)(de)动(dong)态电(dian)阻相同，只(zhi)不过稳(wen)压二极管(guan)的(de)(de)动(dong)态电(dian)阻是从它的(de)(de)反向特性(xing)上求(qiu)取(qu)的(de)(de)。rz愈(yu)小，反映稳(wen)压管(guan)的(de)(de)击穿特性(xing)愈(yu)陡。 rz=△Vz/△Iz。

4、温(wen)度系数Ctv

温(wen)度的(de)变化将使VZ改变，在稳压(ya)管中(zhong)，当|VZ|>7V时(shi)，Vz具(ju)有正温(wen)度系数，反(fan)向(xiang)击穿是雪崩击穿。当|Vz|<4V时(shi)，VZ具(ju)有负温(wen)度系数，反(fan)向(xiang)击穿是齐(qi)纳击穿。

当(dang)4V<|Vz|<7V时，稳压(ya)(ya)管(guan)可以获得接近零的温度系数。这样(yang)的稳压(ya)(ya)二(er)极(ji)管(guan)可以作为(wei)标准稳压(ya)(ya)管(guan)使用。

例如2CW58稳(wen)压管的(de)Ctv是(shi)+0.07%/°C，即(ji)温度每升高1°C，其稳(wen)压值将升高0.07%。

稳压管在电路中的作用

5、动态电阻Rz

指(zhi)稳(wen)(wen)压管(guan)(guan)两端电(dian)压变(bian)(bian)化与电(dian)流变(bian)(bian)化的比(bi)值。该比(bi)值随工作(zuo)电(dian)流的不同(tong)而改(gai)变(bian)(bian)，一(yi)般是工作(zuo)电(dian)流愈(yu)(yu)大(da)，动态电(dian)阻则(ze)愈(yu)(yu)小。例如，2CW7C稳(wen)(wen)压管(guan)(guan)的工作(zuo)电(dian)流为(wei)(wei)(wei)5mA时(shi)，Rz为(wei)(wei)(wei)18Ω；工作(zuo)电(dian)流为(wei)(wei)(wei)10mA时(shi)，Rz为(wei)(wei)(wei)8Ω;为(wei)(wei)(wei)20mA时(shi)，Rz为(wei)(wei)(wei)2Ω。Rz=DVz/DIz，Rz愈(yu)(yu)大(da)，反映(ying)稳(wen)(wen)压管(guan)(guan)的击穿(chuan)特性(xing)愈(yu)(yu)陡。

6、漏电(dian)流IR

指稳(wen)压(ya)二极(ji)管在规定的(de)(de)反向电(dian)压(ya)下产生的(de)(de)漏电(dian)流。例如2CW58稳(wen)压(ya)管的(de)(de)VR=1V时，IR=0.1uA;在VR=6V时，IR=10uA。

稳压管在电路中的作用

稳压管(guan)在(zai)电路中的作用(yong)一共有3点，如下：

1、浪涌保(bao)护电(dian)(dian)路：稳(wen)压(ya)管(guan)在准确(que)的电(dian)(dian)压(ya)下击穿(chuan)，这就(jiu)使(shi)得它可作为(wei)(wei)限(xian)制或保(bao)护之(zhi)元件来使(shi)用(yong)，因为(wei)(wei)各种(zhong)电(dian)(dian)压(ya)的稳(wen)压(ya)二极(ji)(ji)管(guan)都(dou)可以(yi)得到，故对于这种(zhong)应用(yong)特别适宜(yi)。稳(wen)压(ya)二极(ji)(ji)管(guan)D是作为(wei)(wei)过压(ya)保(bao)护器(qi)件。只要电(dian)(dian)源(yuan)电(dian)(dian)压(ya)VS超(chao)过二极(ji)(ji)管(guan)的稳(wen)压(ya)值D就(jiu)导通，使(shi)继电(dian)(dian)器(qi)J吸合(he)负(fu)载(zai)RL就(jiu)与电(dian)(dian)源(yuan)分开。

2、电视机(ji)里(li)的(de)过(guo)压保护电路：EC是电视机(ji)主供电压。当EC电压过(guo)高时(shi)，D导(dao)通，三(san)极(ji)(ji)管BG导(dao)通，其集电极(ji)(ji)电位(wei)将由原来(lai)的(de)高电平(ping)(5V)变为低(di)电平(ping)，通过(guo)待机(ji)控(kong)制线的(de)控(kong)制使电视机(ji)进入待机(ji)保护状态.。

3、电(dian)(dian)(dian)弧(hu)抑制电(dian)(dian)(dian)路：在电(dian)(dian)(dian)感(gan)线(xian)圈上(shang)(shang)并联接入一(yi)(yi)只合适的稳(wen)压(ya)二(er)极(ji)管(guan)(也(ye)可接入一(yi)(yi)只普通二(er)极(ji)管(guan)原理一(yi)(yi)样)的话，当线(xian)圈在导通状态切断时，由(you)于其电(dian)(dian)(dian)磁(ci)能释放所产(chan)生的高压(ya)就(jiu)被二(er)极(ji)管(guan)所吸收，所以(yi)当开关(guan)断开时，开关(guan)的电(dian)(dian)(dian)弧(hu)也(ye)就(jiu)被消除了(le)。这(zhei)个应用电(dian)(dian)(dian)路在工业(ye)上(shang)(shang)用得比较(jiao)多，如一(yi)(yi)些较(jiao)大功率的电(dian)(dian)(dian)磁(ci)吸控制电(dian)(dian)(dian)路就(jiu)用到它。

稳(wen)压(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)二(er)极管(guan)(guan)（又叫齐纳二(er)极管(guan)(guan)）是(shi)一(yi)种(zhong)硅材料制成的面接(jie)触(chu)型晶体二(er)极管(guan)(guan)，简(jian)称(cheng)稳(wen)压(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)管(guan)(guan)。此二(er)极管(guan)(guan)是(shi)一(yi)种(zhong)直到临界反向(xiang)(xiang)击穿电(dian)(dian)(dian)压(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)前都具有(you)很高(gao)电(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)的半导(dao)体器件(jian)(jian)。稳(wen)压(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)管(guan)(guan)在(zai)反向(xiang)(xiang)击穿时，在(zai)一(yi)定的电(dian)(dian)(dian)流范围(wei)内(nei)（或(huo)者说在(zai)一(yi)定功(gong)率损耗范围(wei)内(nei)），端(duan)电(dian)(dian)(dian)压(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)几乎不变，表现出(chu)稳(wen)压(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)特性，因(yin)(yin)而广泛应用于(yu)稳(wen)压(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)电(dian)(dian)(dian)源与(yu)限幅电(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)之中。稳(wen)压(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)二(er)极管(guan)(guan)是(shi)根据(ju)击穿电(dian)(dian)(dian)压(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)来(lai)分档的，因(yin)(yin)为这种(zhong)特性，稳(wen)压(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)管(guan)(guan)主要被作(zuo)为稳(wen)压(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器或(huo)电(dian)(dian)(dian)压(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)基准元件(jian)(jian)使(shi)用。稳(wen)压(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)二(er)极管(guan)(guan)可(ke)以串联起来(lai)以便在(zai)较高(gao)的电(dian)(dian)(dian)压(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)上使(shi)用，通过串联就可(ke)获得更多的稳(wen)定电(dian)(dian)(dian)压(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)，称(cheng)为双向(xiang)(xiang)稳(wen)压(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)管(guan)(guan)。

稳压管的工作原理电路图

稳压(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)二极(ji)管(guan)工作原理一种用于(yu)稳定电(dian)(dian)(dian)压(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)的(de)单(dan)结二极(ji)管(guan)。它的(de)伏安特性，稳压(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)二极(ji)管(guan)符号如图1所(suo)示。结构同(tong)整流(liu)二极(ji)管(guan)。加(jia)在稳压(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)二极(ji)管(guan)的(de)反(fan)(fan)向电(dian)(dian)(dian)压(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)增加(jia)到(dao)一定数(shu)值(zhi)时(shi)，将(jiang)可能有(you)大(da)量载(zai)(zai)流(liu)子(zi)隧(sui)穿(chuan)(chuan)伪结的(de)位垒(lei)(lei)，形(xing)成大(da)的(de)反(fan)(fan)向电(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)，此时(shi)电(dian)(dian)(dian)压(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)基本不(bu)变(bian)，称(cheng)为(wei)隧(sui)道击(ji)(ji)穿(chuan)(chuan)。当反(fan)(fan)向电(dian)(dian)(dian)压(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)比较高时(shi)，在位垒(lei)(lei)区内将(jiang)可能产生大(da)量载(zai)(zai)流(liu)子(zi)，受强电(dian)(dian)(dian)场作用形(xing)成大(da)的(de)反(fan)(fan)向电(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)，而电(dian)(dian)(dian)压(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)亦基本不(bu)变(bian)，为(wei)雪(xue)崩击(ji)(ji)穿(chuan)(chuan)。因(yin)此，反(fan)(fan)向电(dian)(dian)(dian)压(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)临近击(ji)(ji)穿(chuan)(chuan)电(dian)(dian)(dian)压(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)时(shi)，反(fan)(fan)向电(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)迅速增加(jia)，而反(fan)(fan)向电(dian)(dian)(dian)压(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)几乎不(bu)变(bian)。这个近似不(bu)变(bian)的(de)电(dian)(dian)(dian)压(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)称(cheng)为(wei)齐纳电(dian)(dian)(dian)压(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(隧(sui)道击(ji)(ji)穿(chuan)(chuan))或(huo)雪(xue)崩电(dian)(dian)(dian)压(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(雪(xue)崩击(ji)(ji)穿(chuan)(chuan))。

稳压管在电路中的作用