无刷(shua)(shua)(shua)电机 MOS管应(ying)用方案参数资(zi)料-无刷(shua)(shua)(shua)电机与有(you)刷(shua)(shua)(shua)电机的(de)对(dui)比-KIA MOS管
信息来源(yuan)：本站 日期：2018-10-08
无(wu)刷直(zhi)(zhi)流(liu)电(dian)机由电(dian)动(dong)机主体和驱动(dong)器组成，是一种典型的(de)机电(dian)一体化产品。由于无(wu)刷直(zhi)(zhi)流(liu)电(dian)动(dong)机是以自控(kong)式运(yun)行的(de)，所(suo)以不会像(xiang)变频(pin)调速(su)下重载启(qi)动(dong)的(de)同(tong)步(bu)(bu)电(dian)机那样在(zai)转子上(shang)另(ling)加(jia)启(qi)动(dong)绕(rao)组，也不会在(zai)负载突变时产生振(zhen)荡和失步(bu)(bu)。中小容量的(de)无(wu)刷直(zhi)(zhi)流(liu)电(dian)动(dong)机的(de)永磁体，现在(zai)多采用高磁能级的(de)稀土钕铁硼(peng)（Nd-Fe-B）材料(liao)。因此，稀土永磁无(wu)刷电(dian)动(dong)机的(de)体积比同(tong)容量三相异(yi)步(bu)(bu)电(dian)动(dong)机缩(suo)小了(le)一个机座号。
接下(xia)来给(ji)大家(jia)介绍(shao)一下(xia)无(wu)刷电机应用到(dao)的(de)(de)MOS管型(xing)号及具(ju)体的(de)(de)一些参数
有刷电(dian)(dian)机是(shi)(shi)大家最早接触的(de)一类电(dian)(dian)机，中学时物理(li)课堂上(shang)介(jie)绍(shao)电(dian)(dian)动机也是(shi)(shi)以它(ta)为模型来(lai)展示的(de)。有刷电(dian)(dian)机的(de)主要结构就是(shi)(shi)定子+转(zhuan)子+电(dian)(dian)刷，通(tong)过(guo)旋转(zhuan)磁场获得转(zhuan)动力矩，从而输出动能。电(dian)(dian)刷与换向器不断接触摩擦(ca)，在转(zhuan)动中起到(dao)导电(dian)(dian)和换相作用。
有刷电机采用机械换(huan)(huan)向，磁极不(bu)动(dong)，线圈旋转(zhuan)。电机工作时(shi)，线圈和(he)换(huan)(huan)向器旋转(zhuan)，磁钢和(he)碳刷不(bu)转(zhuan)，线圈电流方向的(de)交替变化是(shi)随电机转(zhuan)动(dong)的(de)换(huan)(huan)相器和(he)电刷来(lai)完(wan)成的(de)。
在(zai)有刷电(dian)(dian)机(ji)中，这个过程(cheng)是将各组(zu)(zu)(zu)线(xian)圈的两(liang)个电(dian)(dian)源(yuan)输入(ru)端，依次排成(cheng)一(yi)个环(huan)，相互之间用(yong)绝缘材料(liao)分隔，组(zu)(zu)(zu)成(cheng)一(yi)个象圆(yuan)柱(zhu)体的东西，与电(dian)(dian)机(ji)轴连成(cheng)一(yi)体，电(dian)(dian)源(yuan)通(tong)过两(liang)个碳元素做成(cheng)的小柱(zhu)子（碳刷），在(zai)弹(dan)簧(huang)压力的作用(yong)下，从(cong)两(liang)个特定的固定位(wei)置，压在(zai)上(shang)面线(xian)圈电(dian)(dian)源(yuan)输入(ru)环(huan)状圆(yuan)柱(zhu)上(shang)的两(liang)点，给(ji)一(yi)组(zu)(zu)(zu)线(xian)圈通(tong)电(dian)(dian)。
随着电(dian)机(ji)转动，不(bu)同时(shi)刻给不(bu)同线圈(quan)或同一个(ge)线圈(quan)的不(bu)同的两(liang)极通(tong)电(dian)，使得线圈(quan)产生磁(ci)场(chang)的N-S极与(yu)最(zui)靠近的永(yong)磁(ci)铁定子的N-S极有一个(ge)适合的角度差，磁(ci)场(chang)异(yi)性相吸、同性相斥，产生力量，推动电(dian)机(ji)转动。碳(tan)(tan)电(dian)极在线圈(quan)接(jie)线头上滑动，象刷(shua)子在物体表(biao)面刷(shua)，因(yin)此叫碳(tan)(tan)“刷(shua)”。相互滑动，会摩擦碳(tan)(tan)刷(shua)，造(zao)成损耗，需要定期(qi)更换碳(tan)(tan)刷(shua)；碳(tan)(tan)刷(shua)与(yu)线圈(quan)接(jie)线头之间通(tong)断交替，会发生电(dian)火花(hua)，产生电(dian)磁(ci)破，干扰电(dian)子设(she)备(bei)。
无刷(shua)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)机(ji)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，换(huan)相的(de)工作(zuo)交由控制(zhi)器(qi)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)的(de)控制(zhi)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)（一般为霍(huo)尔(er)传感器(qi)+控制(zhi)器(qi)，更(geng)先进的(de)技术是(shi)磁(ci)编(bian)码器(qi)）来完成。无刷(shua)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)机(ji)采取电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)换(huan)向，线圈(quan)不(bu)动(dong)，磁(ci)极旋转。无刷(shua)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)机(ji)，是(shi)使用一套电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)设备，通过霍(huo)尔(er)元(yuan)件，感知永(yong)磁(ci)体磁(ci)极的(de)位置，根据这种感知，使用电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)线路(lu)，适时切换(huan)线圈(quan)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流的(de)方向，保证(zheng)产生正确(que)方向的(de)磁(ci)力，来驱动(dong)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)机(ji)。消除了有刷(shua)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)机(ji)的(de)缺点。
这些电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)，就(jiu)是电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)机(ji)(ji)控制(zhi)器。无刷(shua)(shua)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)机(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)控制(zhi)器，还可以实现(xian)(xian)一些有刷(shua)(shua)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)机(ji)(ji)不(bu)能实现(xian)(xian)的(de)(de)功(gong)能，比如调整电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源切换(huan)角，制(zhi)动(dong)(dong)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)机(ji)(ji)，使(shi)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)机(ji)(ji)反转，锁(suo)住电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)机(ji)(ji)，利(li)用刹车信号，停止给电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)机(ji)(ji)供电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。现(xian)(xian)在电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)瓶车的(de)(de)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子报警锁(suo)，就(jiu)充分利(li)用了这些功(gong)能。无刷(shua)(shua)直流电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)机(ji)(ji)由(you)(you)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)动(dong)(dong)机(ji)(ji)主体(ti)和驱动(dong)(dong)器组成，是一种典型的(de)(de)机(ji)(ji)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)一体(ti)化产(chan)(chan)品。由(you)(you)于无刷(shua)(shua)直流电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)动(dong)(dong)机(ji)(ji)是以自控式运行(xing)的(de)(de)，所以不(bu)会象变频(pin)调速下重载启动(dong)(dong)的(de)(de)同(tong)步电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)机(ji)(ji)那(nei)样在转子上(shang)另(ling)加启动(dong)(dong)绕组，也不(bu)会在负载突变时产(chan)(chan)生振荡(dang)和失步。
实际上两种(zhong)电(dian)机的控制(zhi)都是调压，只是由于无刷(shua)直流采用(yong)了电(dian)子(zi)换向(xiang)，所(suo)以要有(you)数字控制(zhi)才可(ke)以实现了，而有(you)刷(shua)直流是通过碳刷(shua)换向(xiang)的，利用(yong)可(ke)控硅等传(chuan)统模拟(ni)电(dian)路都可(ke)以控制(zhi)，比较(jiao)简单。
1、有刷马(ma)(ma)达(da)调(diao)速过程是调(diao)整(zheng)马(ma)(ma)达(da)供(gong)电电源电压的高低。调(diao)整(zheng)后的电压电流通过整(zheng)流子(zi)及电刷地转(zhuan)换，改变电极产生的磁场(chang)强弱，达(da)到改变转(zhuan)速的目的。这一过程被称(cheng)之为变压调(diao)速。
2、无(wu)刷马(ma)达调速(su)过程是马(ma)达的(de)供(gong)电(dian)电(dian)源的(de)电(dian)压不变(bian)，改(gai)变(bian)电(dian)调的(de)控制信号，通过微处理器再(zai)改(gai)变(bian)大功(gong)率(lv)无(wu)刷电(dian)机MOS管(guan)的(de)开关(guan)速(su)率(lv)，来实现转速(su)的(de)改(gai)变(bian)。这一(yi)过程被称之为(wei)变(bian)频调速(su)。
ti的一个(ge)介绍视频关于有刷(shua)电机与无(wu)刷(shua)电机的对比，如下图所示(shi)，很完整。
1、有(you)刷电机结构简(jian)单、开发时间(jian)久、技术(shu)成熟(shu)
早(zao)在十(shi)九纪(ji)诞生电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)机(ji)的(de)(de)时候，产生的(de)(de)实用(yong)性(xing)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)机(ji)就是无(wu)(wu)刷(shua)形式，即(ji)交(jiao)流鼠笼式异步(bu)(bu)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)动机(ji)，这种电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)动机(ji)在交(jiao)流电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)产生以后得到了广泛的(de)(de)应(ying)用(yong)。但(dan)是，异步(bu)(bu)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)动机(ji)有许(xu)多(duo)无(wu)(wu)法克服的(de)(de)缺(que)陷，以致电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)机(ji)技(ji)(ji)术发展缓慢。尤其是直流无(wu)(wu)刷(shua)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)机(ji)一直无(wu)(wu)法投入商业运营(ying)，伴随着电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子技(ji)(ji)术的(de)(de)日新月异，直至(zhi)近几年才(cai)慢慢投入商业运营(ying)，就其实质来(lai)说依(yi)然属于(yu)交(jiao)流电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)机(ji)范畴。
无刷电(dian)机(ji)(ji)诞生(sheng)不久，人们(men)就发(fa)明了直(zhi)流有(you)刷电(dian)机(ji)(ji)。由于直(zhi)流有(you)刷电(dian)机(ji)(ji)机(ji)(ji)构(gou)简单，生(sheng)产加工容易(yi)，维修方便，容易(yi)控制；直(zhi)流电(dian)机(ji)(ji)还具有(you)响应(ying)快速、较大的起动(dong)转(zhuan)矩(ju)、从零转(zhuan)速至额定转(zhuan)速具备可提供额定转(zhuan)矩(ju)的性能(neng)，所以一经问世就得到了广泛应(ying)用。
2、直流有(you)刷电机响应(ying)速度快，起动扭矩大
直流有(you)(you)刷电机起(qi)动响应速度(du)快(kuai)，起(qi)动扭矩大，变速平稳，速度(du)从零到最大几(ji)乎感觉不到振(zhen)动，起(qi)动时可(ke)带(dai)动更大的(de)负荷。无(wu)刷电机起(qi)动电阻大（感抗），所以功率因素小，起(qi)动扭矩相对较小，起(qi)动时有(you)(you)嗡嗡声，并伴(ban)随着强(qiang)烈震动，起(qi)动时带(dai)动负荷较小。
3、直流(liu)有刷电(dian)机(ji)运行平稳，起、制动效果(guo)好
有刷(shua)电机是(shi)通(tong)过调压调速(su)，所以(yi)起动(dong)(dong)和制动(dong)(dong)平稳(wen)，恒速(su)运(yun)行时(shi)也平稳(wen)。无(wu)刷(shua)电机通(tong)常是(shi)数(shu)字变(bian)频控(kong)制，先(xian)将交流变(bian)成(cheng)直(zhi)流，直(zhi)流再变(bian)成(cheng)交流，通(tong)过频率变(bian)化(hua)控(kong)制转(zhuan)速(su)，所以(yi)无(wu)刷(shua)电机在(zai)起动(dong)(dong)和制动(dong)(dong)时(shi)运(yun)行不平稳(wen)，振动(dong)(dong)大，只(zhi)有在(zai)速(su)度(du)恒定时(shi)才会(hui)平稳(wen)。
4、直流有刷电(dian)机控制精(jing)度高
直(zhi)流(liu)有刷电机(ji)通(tong)常和(he)减速箱、译码器一(yi)起(qi)使用，使的(de)电机(ji)的(de)输(shu)出功率(lv)更大(da)，控制(zhi)精(jing)度(du)更高，控制(zhi)精(jing)度(du)可(ke)(ke)以达到(dao)0.01毫米，几(ji)乎(hu)可(ke)(ke)以让运(yun)动(dong)部件停(ting)在任何想(xiang)要(yao)的(de)地方。所(suo)有精(jing)密机(ji)床都是(shi)采用直(zhi)流(liu)电机(ji)控制(zhi)精(jing)度(du)。无刷电机(ji)由于(yu)在启(qi)动(dong)和(he)制(zhi)动(dong)时不平稳，所(suo)以运(yun)动(dong)部件每次都会停(ting)到(dao)不同的(de)位(wei)置上，必(bi)须通(tong)过定位(wei)销或限位(wei)器才可(ke)(ke)以停(ting)在想(xiang)要(yao)的(de)位(wei)置上。
5、直(zhi)(zhi)流有(you)刷(shua)(shua)电(dian)机(ji)(ji)使用(yong)(yong)成(cheng)本(ben)低(di)，维修方便。 由于直(zhi)(zhi)流有(you)刷(shua)(shua)电(dian)机(ji)(ji)结构简(jian)单，生(sheng)产成(cheng)本(ben)低(di)，生(sheng)产厂(chang)家多，技术比(bi)(bi)较成(cheng)熟，所以应(ying)用(yong)(yong)也比(bi)(bi)较广泛，比(bi)(bi)如工厂(chang)、加工机(ji)(ji)床、精密(mi)仪器等，如果电(dian)机(ji)(ji)故障，只需(xu)更换碳刷(shua)(shua)即可(ke)，每个碳刷(shua)(shua)只需(xu)要几元，非常便宜。无(wu)刷(shua)(shua)电(dian)机(ji)(ji)技术不成(cheng)熟，价格较高，应(ying)用(yong)(yong)范围有(you)限，主要应(ying)在恒(heng)速设(she)备上，比(bi)(bi)如变频空调、冰箱等，无(wu)刷(shua)(shua)电(dian)机(ji)(ji)损(sun)坏只能更换。
6、无(wu)电刷、低干(gan)扰
无(wu)(wu)刷(shua)电(dian)机去除了(le)电(dian)刷(shua)，最直接的(de)变化就(jiu)是没(mei)有了(le)有刷(shua)电(dian)机运(yun)转时产生的(de)电(dian)火花，这样就(jiu)极(ji)大减少了(le)电(dian)火花对遥控无(wu)(wu)线电(dian)设备(bei)的(de)干扰。
7、噪音(yin)低，运转顺畅
无(wu)刷电(dian)机没有了电(dian)刷，运(yun)(yun)转时(shi)摩(mo)擦力大大减小，运(yun)(yun)行(xing)顺畅，噪音会低许多，这个(ge)优点(dian)对于模型运(yun)(yun)行(xing)稳定性是一个(ge)巨大的支持。
8、寿命长，低维护(hu)成本
少了(le)电(dian)刷(shua)，无(wu)刷(shua)电(dian)机的磨损主要是(shi)在轴承上了(le)，从机械角(jiao)度看，无(wu)刷(shua)电(dian)机几乎(hu)是(shi)一种免(mian)维(wei)护(hu)的电(dian)动机了(le)，必要的时候(hou)，只(zhi)需做一些除尘维(wei)护(hu)即可。
电(dian)(dian)(dian)机(ji)驱动(dong)(dong)控(kong)制(zhi)就是控(kong)制(zhi)电(dian)(dian)(dian)机(ji)的(de)转动(dong)(dong)或者停(ting)止，以及(ji)转动(dong)(dong)的(de)速度。电(dian)(dian)(dian)机(ji)驱动(dong)(dong)控(kong)制(zhi)部分(fen)也叫做(zuo)电(dian)(dian)(dian)子调(diao)(diao)速器，简称电(dian)(dian)(dian)调(diao)(diao)，英文electronic speed controller（ESC）。电(dian)(dian)(dian)调(diao)(diao)对应使用的(de)电(dian)(dian)(dian)机(ji)不(bu)同，分(fen)无刷(shua)电(dian)(dian)(dian)调(diao)(diao)和有刷(shua)电(dian)(dian)(dian)调(diao)(diao)。
有刷(shua)电(dian)(dian)(dian)机(ji)(ji)的(de)永磁(ci)体是固定(ding)不动的(de)，线(xian)圈(quan)绕在(zai)转(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)子上，通过一(yi)个电(dian)(dian)(dian)刷(shua)跟换(huan)相(xiang)器(qi)接(jie)(jie)触(chu)间断(duan)来(lai)改变磁(ci)场方向来(lai)保(bao)持(chi)转(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)子持(chi)续转(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)动。无刷(shua)电(dian)(dian)(dian)机(ji)(ji)，顾名思义，这种电(dian)(dian)(dian)机(ji)(ji)是没有所谓的(de)电(dian)(dian)(dian)刷(shua)和(he)换(huan)相(xiang)器(qi)的(de)，他的(de)转(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)子是永磁(ci)体，而线(xian)圈(quan)是固定(ding)不动的(de)，直接(jie)(jie)接(jie)(jie)到外部电(dian)(dian)(dian)源，问题(ti)就来(lai)了，线(xian)圈(quan)磁(ci)场方向怎么改变呢？事实上，无刷(shua)电(dian)(dian)(dian)机(ji)(ji)外部还需要一(yi)个电(dian)(dian)(dian)子调速(su)器(qi)，这个调速(su)器(qi)说白了就是一(yi)个电(dian)(dian)(dian)机(ji)(ji)驱动，它随时都在(zai)改变着固定(ding)线(xian)圈(quan)内部电(dian)(dian)(dian)流的(de)方向，保(bao)证它跟永磁(ci)体之间的(de)作用力是相(xiang)互排斥，持(chi)续转(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)动得以(yi)延(yan)续。
刷(shua)电(dian)机(ji)(ji)工(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)可以不需要电(dian)调，直(zhi)接把电(dian)供(gong)给电(dian)机(ji)(ji)就(jiu)能够工(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)，但是这样(yang)无(wu)(wu)法(fa)控制(zhi)电(dian)机(ji)(ji)的转速。无(wu)(wu)刷(shua)电(dian)机(ji)(ji)工(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)必(bi)须要有电(dian)调，否则是不能转动(dong)(dong)的。必(bi)须通过无(wu)(wu)刷(shua)电(dian)调将直(zhi)流电(dian)转化为三相交流电(dian)，输给无(wu)(wu)刷(shua)电(dian)机(ji)(ji)才(cai)能转动(dong)(dong)。
最(zui)(zui)早(zao)的(de)(de)(de)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)调(diao)(diao)(diao)可不(bu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)像(xiang)现在(zai)的(de)(de)(de)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)调(diao)(diao)(diao)一(yi)(yi)样(yang)，最(zui)(zui)早(zao)全是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)有(you)刷(shua)(shua)(shua)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)调(diao)(diao)(diao)，说(shuo)道(dao)这(zhei)(zhei)你可能(neng)要问了(le)，什么(me)(me)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)有(you)刷(shua)(shua)(shua)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)调(diao)(diao)(diao)，和现在(zai)的(de)(de)(de)无(wu)刷(shua)(shua)(shua)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)调(diao)(diao)(diao)有(you)什么(me)(me)区别。事(shi)实上这(zhei)(zhei)差(cha)别呀可大了(le)去(qu)了(le)，有(you)刷(shua)(shua)(shua)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)调(diao)(diao)(diao)和无(wu)刷(shua)(shua)(shua)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)调(diao)(diao)(diao)都(dou)(dou)(dou)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)根据电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)机(ji)(ji)(ji)来(lai)说(shuo)的(de)(de)(de)，现在(zai)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)机(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)转(zhuan)子，就(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)能(neng)转(zhuan)动的(de)(de)(de)部分全是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)磁铁块(kuai)，线(xian)(xian)圈是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)定(ding)子不(bu)转(zhuan)动的(de)(de)(de)，因为这(zhei)(zhei)中间没有(you)碳刷(shua)(shua)(shua)，这(zhei)(zhei)就(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)无(wu)刷(shua)(shua)(shua)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)机(ji)(ji)(ji)。而有(you)刷(shua)(shua)(shua)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)机(ji)(ji)(ji)呢，顾(gu)名(ming)思义就(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)有(you)碳刷(shua)(shua)(shua)，所以就(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)有(you)刷(shua)(shua)(shua)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)机(ji)(ji)(ji)，像(xiang)我(wo)们(men)平常小孩子玩的(de)(de)(de)一(yi)(yi)二十(shi)块(kuai)钱的(de)(de)(de)遥控车用(yong)的(de)(de)(de)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)机(ji)(ji)(ji)就(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)有(you)刷(shua)(shua)(shua)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)机(ji)(ji)(ji)。电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)调(diao)(diao)(diao)就(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)根据这(zhei)(zhei)两种电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)机(ji)(ji)(ji)而命名(ming)的(de)(de)(de)有(you)刷(shua)(shua)(shua)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)调(diao)(diao)(diao)和无(wu)刷(shua)(shua)(shua)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)调(diao)(diao)(diao)。从专业(ye)的(de)(de)(de)角(jiao)度来(lai)讲(jiang)(jiang)呢就(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)有(you)刷(shua)(shua)(shua)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)调(diao)(diao)(diao)就(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)输(shu)出时直(zhi)(zhi)流(liu)(liu)(liu)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，无(wu)刷(shua)(shua)(shua)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)调(diao)(diao)(diao)输(shu)出是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)三相交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)流(liu)(liu)(liu)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。直(zhi)(zhi)流(liu)(liu)(liu)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)就(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)我(wo)们(men)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池里存(cun)储(chu)的(de)(de)(de)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，有(you)正负极(ji)(ji)之分，我(wo)们(men)家用(yong)220V的(de)(de)(de)，用(yong)于(yu)手机(ji)(ji)(ji)充电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器或者电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)脑的(de)(de)(de)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源都(dou)(dou)(dou)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)流(liu)(liu)(liu)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)流(liu)(liu)(liu)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)就(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)带有(you)一(yi)(yi)定(ding)的(de)(de)(de)频(pin)(pin)率，通(tong)俗讲(jiang)(jiang)就(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)一(yi)(yi)根线(xian)(xian)上正负、正负的(de)(de)(de)来(lai)回交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)换着；直(zhi)(zhi)流(liu)(liu)(liu)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)就(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)正极(ji)(ji)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)正极(ji)(ji)，负极(ji)(ji)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)负极(ji)(ji)。交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)流(liu)(liu)(liu)直(zhi)(zhi)流(liu)(liu)(liu)弄清楚(chu)了(le)，那么(me)(me)什么(me)(me)又是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)“三相电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)”呢？理论讲(jiang)(jiang)三相交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)流(liu)(liu)(liu)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)(de)一(yi)(yi)种传输(shu)形式，简称三相电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)由3个频(pin)(pin)率相同、振(zhen)幅相等、相位(wei)依次互差(cha)120度的(de)(de)(de)交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)流(liu)(liu)(liu)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)势组成的(de)(de)(de)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源。通(tong)俗的(de)(de)(de)讲(jiang)(jiang)，就(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)我(wo)们(men)家用(yong)的(de)(de)(de)三项交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)流(liu)(liu)(liu)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，除(chu)了(le)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)压(ya)、频(pin)(pin)率、驱(qu)动角(jiao)不(bu)同，其他(ta)都(dou)(dou)(dou)一(yi)(yi)样(yang)，现在(zai)对于(yu)三相电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)和直(zhi)(zhi)流(liu)(liu)(liu)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)都(dou)(dou)(dou)了(le)解了(le)吧。
无(wu)刷电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)调(diao)，输(shu)(shu)(shu)入(ru)的(de)(de)(de)(de)是(shi)(shi)直(zhi)流电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，通过(guo)一(yi)个滤波电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容稳定电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)压(ya)。然后分成俩(liang)两路，一(yi)路是(shi)(shi)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)调(diao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)BEC使用(yong)，BEC是(shi)(shi)给接收机与电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)调(diao)自身单(dan)片机供电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)使用(yong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)，输(shu)(shu)(shu)出(chu)(chu)(chu)至(zhi)接收机的(de)(de)(de)(de)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源线(xian)就(jiu)(jiu)是(shi)(shi)信(xin)号(hao)线(xian)上(shang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)红线(xian)和(he)黑线(xian)，另一(yi)路是(shi)(shi)介入(ru)MOS管(guan)使用(yong)，在这里，电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)调(diao)上(shang)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，单(dan)片机开(kai)始启动(dong)，驱动(dong)MOS管(guan)震动(dong)，使电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)机发出(chu)(chu)(chu)滴(di)滴(di)滴(di)的(de)(de)(de)(de)声音。启动(dong)后待命(ming)，有(you)(you)(you)些电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)调(diao)带有(you)(you)(you)油门(men)校(xiao)准(zhun)功能，在进入(ru)待命(ming)前(qian)会(hui)(hui)监测油门(men)位置是(shi)(shi)在高(gao)还(hai)是(shi)(shi)低还(hai)是(shi)(shi)中(zhong)间，高(gao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)话(hua)进入(ru)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)调(diao)行程校(xiao)准(zhun)，中(zhong)间的(de)(de)(de)(de)话(hua)开(kai)始发出(chu)(chu)(chu)报(bao)警(jing)信(xin)号(hao)，电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)机会(hui)(hui)滴(di)滴(di)的(de)(de)(de)(de)响，低的(de)(de)(de)(de)话(hua)会(hui)(hui)进入(ru)正(zheng)常工作状(zhuang)态。一(yi)切(qie)准(zhun)备就(jiu)(jiu)绪后，电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)调(diao)内(nei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)单(dan)片机会(hui)(hui)根据(ju)PWM信(xin)号(hao)线(xian)上(shang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)信(xin)号(hao)决定输(shu)(shu)(shu)出(chu)(chu)(chu)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)压(ya)的(de)(de)(de)(de)大小和(he)频率的(de)(de)(de)(de)高(gao)低以(yi)及驱动(dong)方向(xiang)和(he)进角多少来驱动(dong)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)机的(de)(de)(de)(de)转(zhuan)速，转(zhuan)向(xiang)。这就(jiu)(jiu)是(shi)(shi)无(wu)刷电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)调(diao)原理。在驱动(dong)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)机运(yun)转(zhuan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)时(shi)(shi)候(hou)，电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)调(diao)内(nei)共有(you)(you)(you)3组(zu)MOS管(guan)工作，每组(zu)2个极(ji)，一(yi)个控制正(zheng)极(ji)输(shu)(shu)(shu)出(chu)(chu)(chu)，一(yi)个控制负极(ji)输(shu)(shu)(shu)出(chu)(chu)(chu)，当(dang)正(zheng)极(ji)输(shu)(shu)(shu)出(chu)(chu)(chu)时(shi)(shi)，负极(ji)不(bu)输(shu)(shu)(shu)出(chu)(chu)(chu)，负极(ji)输(shu)(shu)(shu)出(chu)(chu)(chu)时(shi)(shi)，正(zheng)极(ji)不(bu)输(shu)(shu)(shu)出(chu)(chu)(chu)，这样(yang)(yang)子也就(jiu)(jiu)形成了交流电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，同样(yang)(yang)，三(san)组(zu)都是(shi)(shi)这样(yang)(yang)工作的(de)(de)(de)(de)，它们的(de)(de)(de)(de)频率是(shi)(shi)8000HZ。讲(jiang)到这，无(wu)刷电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)调(diao)也相(xiang)当(dang)于一(yi)个工厂里电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)机上(shang)使用(yong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)变频器或者(zhe)调(diao)速器。
电(dian)调的(de)输(shu)入是(shi)(shi)直(zhi)流(liu)(liu)，通常由锂电(dian)池来供电(dian)。输(shu)出是(shi)(shi)三相交流(liu)(liu)，可以直(zhi)接驱动电(dian)机(ji)。另外航(hang)模无刷电(dian)子调速器还有三根信号(hao)输(shu)入线，输(shu)入PWM信号(hao)，用于(yu)控制电(dian)机(ji)的(de)转速。对于(yu)航(hang)模，尤(you)其是(shi)(shi)四(si)轴飞行(xing)器，由于(yu)其特殊性，需要专门的(de)航(hang)模电(dian)调。
那么为什(shen)么在四(si)(si)(si)轴飞行器(qi)上需要专门(men)的(de)电调呢，其有什(shen)么特别的(de)地方(fang)？四(si)(si)(si)轴飞行器(qi)有四(si)(si)(si)个桨，两两相对(dui)呈十(shi)字交叉结(jie)构。在桨的(de)转(zhuan)向上分正转(zhuan)和(he)反(fan)转(zhuan)，这样可(ke)抵消(xiao)单个桨叶旋(xuan)转(zhuan)引起的(de)自(zi)旋(xuan)问题。每个桨的(de)直(zhi)径很小，四(si)(si)(si)个桨转(zhuan)动时的(de)离心(xin)力(li)是分散的(de)。不像(xiang)直(zhi)机(ji)(ji)的(de)桨，只有一个能产生(sheng)集中的(de)离心(xin)力(li)形成陀(tuo)螺性质的(de)惯性离心(xin)力(li)，保持机(ji)(ji)身不容易很快(kuai)的(de)侧翻掉。所以通常用到(dao)的(de)舵机(ji)(ji)控制信号(hao)更新频(pin)率很低(di)。
四(si)轴为(wei)了(le)能(neng)够(gou)快速(su)反应，以应对姿(zi)态(tai)变(bian)化(hua)引起(qi)的(de)飘移，需要(yao)高反应速(su)度的(de)电(dian)调(diao)，常规PPM电(dian)调(diao)的(de)更(geng)新(xin)速(su)度只(zhi)有50Hz左(zuo)右，满足不了(le)这(zhei)种控(kong)制(zhi)所需要(yao)的(de)速(su)度，且PPM电(dian)调(diao)MCU内置PID稳(wen)速(su)控(kong)制(zhi)，能(neng)对常规航模提供(gong)顺滑的(de)转速(su)变(bian)化(hua)特性(xing)，用在四(si)轴上(shang)就不合适了(le)，四(si)轴需要(yao)的(de)是快速(su)反应的(de)电(dian)机转速(su)变(bian)化(hua)。用高速(su)专用电(dian)调(diao)，IIC总线(xian)接口(kou)传送(song)控(kong)制(zhi)信(xin)号(hao)，可(ke)达到(dao)每秒几百上(shang)千次的(de)电(dian)机转速(su)变(bian)化(hua)，在四(si)轴飞行时，姿(zi)态(tai)时刻能(neng)够(gou)保持(chi)稳(wen)定。即使受到(dao)外力(li)突然(ran)冲(chong)击，依旧安(an)然(ran)无恙。
联系方式：邹先生(sheng)
联系(xi)电话(hua)：0755-83888366-8022
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